What is the difference between a lithium battery and a lead acid battery?

1. Rechargeable battery (alkaline battery - lead-acid battery)

2. Cycle life (1200 ~ 2000 times - 500 ~ 900 times)

3. Specific energy (150W·h/kg——40W·h/kg)

4. Charging time (2 ~ 4h - fast charge 3 ~ 6h (fast charging technology is not yet mature) slow charge in 8h or more)

5. Charge and discharge energy efficiency ( Li-ion battery charge and discharge energy conversion efficiency can be greater than 97% - lead-acid battery charge and discharge energy conversion efficiency is about 80%)

6. Price (higher 24V/10Ah price: 750 ~ 1200 yuan - lower 24V / 12Ah price: 200 ~ 300 yuan)

7. Volume (the volume of a small lithium-ion battery is 2/3 of the volume of a lead-acid battery - large)

8. Weight (light weight is only 1/3 to 1/4 of lead-acid battery - heavy)

9. Endurance mileage (power - environmental protection)

10. There is no pollution in production and use (contamination in production - there is a large amount of lead in the lead-acid battery, and if it is improperly disposed after disposal, it will pollute the environment).

11. Lithium-ion battery (charged by constant current to constant voltage method - lithium battery is susceptible to overcharge, deep discharge and short circuit damage)

12. Charging and maintenance (complex, high maintenance costs - simple, low maintenance costs provided)

13. Power supply (provided open circuit power supply is small, more series connection - provide open circuit power supply)

A "lithium battery " is a type of battery using a lithium metal or a lithium alloy as a negative electrode material and using a nonaqueous electrolyte solution. Lithium metal batteries were first proposed and studied by Gilbert N. Lewis in 1912. In the 1970s, MSWhittingham proposed and began researching lithium-ion batteries. Due to the very active chemical properties of lithium metal, the processing, storage and use of lithium metal are very demanding on the environment. Therefore, lithium batteries have not been used for a long time. With the development of science and technology, lithium batteries have become the mainstream.

Lithium batteries can be roughly divided into two categories: lithium metal batteries and lithium ion batteries. Lithium-ion batteries do not contain metallic lithium and are rechargeable. The fifth-generation lithium-metal battery of rechargeable batteries was born in 1996, and its safety, specific capacity, self-discharge rate and performance price ratio are better than lithium-ion batteries. Due to its own high technical requirements, only a few companies in the country are producing such lithium metal batteries.

First, the lithium battery is better. Lithium batteries are more than three times higher than lead-acid batteries, regardless of their volumetric energy or weight-to-weight energy. Lithium batteries are smaller and lighter, long cycle life. The cycle life of lithium batteries used in electric vehicles is generally more than 800 times. The lithium batteries using lithium iron phosphate cathode materials can reach 2000 times, which is 1.5 to 5 times higher than lead-acid batteries. This greatly reduces the cost of using the lithium battery, prolongs the service life and improves the ease of use.

Second, the comparison of lithium batteries and lead-acid batteries

1, battery capacity

The capacity of a lithium battery is generally 8-10 amps, and the capacity of a lead acid battery is about 20 amps.

2, driving kilometers

The same 48V battery, in the case of full charge, lithium batteries and lead-acid battery electric cars can exercise 30-40 km, the speed is mainly depends on the size of the motor used.

3, durability

Lithium batteries are more durable, consume less, charge and discharge more than 500 times, and have no memory. The general life expectancy is 4-5 years. Lead-acid batteries are generally used for deep charge and deep discharge within 400 times, and have a memory life of about two years. If you are using a maintenance-free lead-acid battery, you need to be aware that the battery has less water loss, and you do not need to add distilled water during use. In terms of durability, the lithium battery has good vibration resistance. The battery in a fully charged state is safely fixed. It vibrates for 1 hour with amplitude of 4 mm and a frequency of 16.7 Hz. There is no leakage, no battery expansion and rupture, and the open circuit voltage is normal. Good chargeability, 25 degrees Celsius, fully charged battery 0.1CA charge for 48 hours, no leakage, no battery expansion and rupture, open circuit voltage is normal, capacity retention rate is above 95%; high current resistance, fully charged state The battery 2CA is discharged for 5 minutes or 10CA for 5 seconds, and no conductive portion is blown, and there is no appearance deformation.

4, the price, warranty period

The current mainstream battery is 48 volts. If it needs to be replaced, the lead-acid battery is around 380-450 Yuan (48V12AH-48V20AH), and the warranty period is 1 year; the price of lithium battery is relatively expensive, it needs about 1000 (48V12AH) Yuan. However, its warranty period is 2 years.

5, the warranty period

The current mainstream battery in the market is 48 volts. If it needs to be replaced, the lead-acid battery is around 450, and the warranty period is 1 year; the lithium battery price is relatively expensive, it needs about 1000 Yuan, but its warranty period is 2 years.

Durability:

Lead-acid batteries are generally deep and deep-discharged within 400 times, with memory and life expectancy of about two years. If you are using a maintenance-free lead-acid battery, you need to be aware that the battery has less water loss, and you do not need to add distilled water during use. Lithium batteries are more durable, consume less, charge and discharge more than 500 times, and have no memory. The general life expectancy is 4-5 years.

According to experts, in terms of durability, the lithium battery has good vibration resistance. The battery in a fully charged state is safely fixed. It vibrates for 1 hour with amplitude of 4 mm and a frequency of 16.7 Hz. No leakage, no battery expansion and rupture, open circuit voltage Normal; good overcharge resistance, 25 degrees Celsius, fully charged battery 0.1CA charge for 48 hours, no leakage, no battery expansion and rupture, open circuit voltage is normal, capacity retention rate is above 95%; resistance to high current, The fully charged battery 2CA is discharged for 5 minutes or 10CA for 5 seconds, and no conductive portion is blown, and there is no appearance deformation.

Volume and quality:

Generally, the lead-acid battery pack has a weight of 16-30 kg and a large volume; the lithium battery is generally 2-6 kg, and the volume is relatively small, so the ride is light and convenient to carry. As far as quality is concerned, it is difficult to define the two, and consumers can purchase batteries produced by regular manufacturers according to their own needs.

Price, warranty period:

At present, the mainstream battery on the market is 48 volts. If it is replaced, the lead-acid battery is about 700 Yuan, and the warranty period is 1 year. The price of the lithium battery is relatively expensive, and it needs about 1200 Yuan, but the warranty period can be 3 years.

Driving kilometers:

The same 48V battery, in the case of full charge, lead-acid batteries and lithium-ion battery electric vehicles can travel 30-40 km. The speed depends mainly on the size of the motor used.

Battery capacity:

The capacity of the lead-acid battery is about 20 amp hours; the capacity of the lithium battery is arbitrary.

Environmental protection:

After the state promulgated the "Leading Battery Industry Access Conditions" in 2012, the lead-acid industry has undergone restructuring and integration. Most of the manufacturers have adopted internalization into cadmium-free and arsenic-free green production, which is more environmentally friendly and more energy-efficient, only during the recycling process. Improper use may cause pollution; lithium batteries are relatively greener in terms of production and recycling.

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