What is the function of voltage protection board of Super capacitors?

Equalizing effect.

Or adding in a string of capacitor voltage, the capacitance of each capacitor is not all the same, so each capacitance to voltage is not the same, too. will cause some capacitance voltage more than maximum pressure and damage.

Super capacitor battery Also called gold capacitors, farad capacitors, energy storage by using polarization electrolyte, belongs to a kind of electrical double layer capacitor. Because of the energy storage process does not produce chemical reaction, the energy storage process is reversible, because of this super capacitor can be repeated charge and discharge hundreds of thousands of times. Ultra capacitors generally use activated carbon electrode materials, has a large area of absorption, electrostatic store more characteristics, are widely used in the new energy vehicles.

Battery and super capacitor of electrical double layer capacitors are a new type of energy storage device. it has the charging time is short, long service life, good temperature characteristic,. energy conservation and environmental protection, etc. Super capacitor is widely used. Used as a lifting device of the power balance of power, can provide large current of electricity; Started as a vehicle power supply, efficiency and reliability are higher than traditional battery, can replace the traditional battery in whole or in part; Used as a vehicle traction energy can replace the traditional production of electric cars, internal combustion engine, the transformation of the existing trolleybus; Using on the military can guarantee the smooth tanks, armored vehicles and other vehicles to start (especially in the cold winter), as the pulse energy of laser weapons. In addition, it can also be used for other mechanical and electrical equipment of energy storage energy.

Super capacitors, because of increasingly shortage of oil resources and burning oil combustion engine exhaust emission pollution to the environment is more and more serious, especially in large and medium sized cities, people are studying new energy device instead of internal combustion engine. Have a hybrid, fuel cell, chemical battery products and application of research and development, achieved some results. But due to their inherent, temperature characteristic is poor, short service life of the chemical battery pollution environment, the system complex, expensive, such as Achilles' heel, there has been no good solution. Foster strengths and circumvent weaknesses and super capacitor, with its excellent properties, can replace the traditional chemical part or all of the batteries of traction power supplies and start the energy of the vehicle, and have more widely used than the traditional chemical battery. Because of this, the world (especially in the western developed countries) is sparing no efforts to research and development of super capacitor. Including the United States, Japan and Russia and other countries not only go ahead in the T&D and production, but also established a dedicated national management organization (such as SUN USABC in the United States, Japan, Russia there, etc.),.the national development plan, invested heavily by the state and the human, actively push forward. In terms of the super capacitor technology, Russia walks in front of the world at present, its products have been commercially production and application, and by the 17th annual international electric vehicles (EVS - 17) rated as the most advanced products, Japan, Germany, France, Britain, Australia and other countries are also catch-up, at present the application of super capacitor has been quite widely. In our country, promote the use of super capacitor to reduce oil consumption, reduce our dependence on oil imports, is advantageous to the national oil security; Effectively solve the problem of urban exhaust pollution and lead-acid battery pollution; To help resolve the chariot startup problem in low temperature. At present, the domestic main has more than 10 enterprises in developing the super capacitor

Super capacitor is based on the German physicist Helmholtz  proposed interface electrical double layer theory on the basis of a new kind of capacitor. As is known to all, insert the two sides of the metal electrode surface and the liquid level in the electrolyte solution, there will be a symbol instead of excess charge so that alternate with potential difference is produced. So, if in the electrolyte and insert the two electrodes, and impose a less than in the electrolyte solution and the voltage breakdown voltage of the electrolyte in under the action of electric field in the positive and negative ions quickly toward the poles movement, and respectively in the two form close charge layer on the surface of the electrode, the electric double layer, it formed by the electrical double layer and traditional capacitor of the dielectric in electric field under the action of the polarization charge similar, resulting in a capacitance effect, closely similar to electrical double layer plate condenser, however, due to the tight than ordinary capacitor charge layer between the charge layer spacing distance is much smaller, thus has greater capacity than the general capacitor.

Electrical double layer capacitor resistance is larger compared to aluminum electrolytic capacitors, therefore, can be in charge directly, without load resistance of over voltage charge if happen, electrical double layer capacitor will open without damage to the device, this characteristic is different from aluminum electrolytic capacitor over voltage breakdown. At the same time, compared with rechargeable batteries, electrical double layer capacitors can be unlimited flow charging, and charging times can reach more than 10 e6 time, so the electrical double layer capacitor not only have the characteristics of the capacitance, as well as the battery characteristics, is a kind of new special components between the battery and capacitor.

Super capacitor has a capacity of capacitor is much larger than usual. Because of its capacity is large, external performance and the battery is the same, also known as "capacity battery" or "gold" battery. Super capacitor cells also belong to the electrical double layer capacitors, it is the world of the electrical double layer capacitor production capacity is one of the biggest, its basic principle and other kinds of electrical double layer capacitors, are activated carbon by using porous electrodes and the electrolyte of electrical double layer structure of large capacity.

Traditional physical electrical energy stored in the capacitor from the separation of the charge on the two pieces of plate, two pieces of plate for vacuum between relative dielectric constant (1) or A layer of dielectric material (relative dielectric constant of epsilon), capacitance value is: C = 3.6 PI epsilon, A/ d, 10-6 (u F) including A plate area, d for medium thickness. Stored energy is: E = C (Δ V) 2/2, one for the capacitance C, Δ V as the voltage drop between the plates. Visible, if want to obtain larger capacitance, store more energy, must increase the area of A d or reduce medium thickness, but the scale space is limited, caused it to store electricity and store energy is smaller. Super capacitors using activated carbon materials made of porous electrodes, at the same time in the relatively between porous carbon electrode in the electrolyte solution filling, when the applied voltage at both ends, relatively gathered electron-positron respectively, and the porous electrode and the positive and negative ions in the electrolyte solution due to the electric fields were gathered in contrast with positive and negative plates of interface, thus forming two collector layer, the equivalent of two capacitors in series, due to the activated carbon material with high specific surface area of 1200 m2 / g or higher (A) electrode area of the great, and the electrolyte and the interface between the porous electrode distance less than 1 nm (i.e., the minimal medium thickness d), according to the previous calculation formula can be seen that the electrical double layer capacitor is bigger than the traditional physical capacitance of the capacitor value, specific capacity can be increased by more than 100 times, so that the electric capacity of unit weight of up to 100 f/g, and capacitance resistance also can maintain at very low levels, carbon materials have low cost, mature technology, etc. Making it possible to use for large power energy storage capacitor, and in the actual use, can be in series or in parallel in order to improve the output voltage or current.[1]

(1) charging speed, as long as the charging a few seconds to a few minutes can reach more than 95% of its rated capacity; Now using the largest lead-acid batteries usually takes a few hours.

(2) the circulation service life is long, the depth of the charge and discharge cycled times of up to 500000 times, if the ultra capacitors charge-discharge 20 times a day, continuous use of up to 68 years. If compared accordingly and lead-acid battery, its service life can reach 68, and there is no "memory effect".

(3) the large current discharge capacity, high energy conversion efficiency, the loss of the process is small, large current energy cycle efficiency of 90% or more;

(4) the power density is high, up to 300 w/w/kg to 5000 kg, equivalent to dozens of batteries; Than energy greatly improved, normally only 200 w/kgs, the lead-acid battery and super capacitor battery at present, the research and development has up to 10 KW/kg

(5) the raw material, production, use, storage and process are no pollution, is an ideal green environmental protection powers source;

(6) charge and discharge circuit is simple, without charging battery charging circuit, high safety coefficient, the long-term use of free maintenance;

(7) good cryogenic properties, using a wide range of environment temperature and 40 ℃ ~ + 70 ℃;

(8) detection is convenient, remaining power can be reading directly;

(9) monomer capacity range usually 0.1 F - 3400 F.

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