Analysis on the Development of Lead Acid Battery Industry

1, industry concept and definition

Electrodes are mainly made of lead and its oxides. The electrolyte is a battery of sulfuric acid solution. Under the discharge state, the positive electrode is mainly composed of lead dioxide, and the main component of the negative electrode is lead; In the charging state, the main components of the positive and negative poles are lead sulfate. Divided into exhaust batteries and maintainable lead-acid batteries.

The battery is mainly composed of tubular positive plates, negative plates, electrolytes, partitions, battery slots, battery covers, pole columns, and injection caps. The electrode of the exhaust battery is composed of lead and lead oxide, and the electrolyte is an aqueous solution of sulfuric acid. The main advantages are voltage stability and cheap; The disadvantages are low specific energy(ie, electrical energy stored per kilogram of battery), short service life and frequent daily maintenance. Old-fashioned batteries generally have a life span of about 2 years and need to regularly check the height of the electrolyte and add distilled water. However, with the development of technology, lead-acid batteries have a longer life and easier to maintain.

The most obvious feature of lead-acid batteries is that they have unscrewed plastic seals on the top and air holes on them. These injection caps are used to fill pure water, check electrolytes, and emit gases. In theory, lead-acid batteries need to check the density of the electrolyte and the height of the liquid surface at each maintenance time. If there is a lack of distilled water, it is necessary to add it. However, with the upgrading of battery manufacturing technology, lead-acid batteries have developed into lead-acid maintainance-free batteries and colloidal maintainance-free batteries. There is no need to add electrolytes or distilled water in the use of lead-acid batteries. The main use of positive poles to produce oxygen can be absorbed at the negative pole to reach the oxygen cycle, which can prevent water loss. Most lead-acid water batteries are used in tractors, tricycles, and car starts, while maintenance-free lead-acid batteries have a wider range of applications, including uninterrupted power supply, electric vehicle power, and electric bicycle batteries. Lead acid batteries are divided into constant current discharge(such as uninterruptible power supply) and instantaneous discharge(such as automotive start-up batteries) according to application needs.

2, the industry major product categories

Commonly used lead-acid batteries are mainly divided into three categories:

(1) General batteries; The polar plate of an ordinary battery is composed of lead and lead oxide, and the electrolyte is an aqueous solution of sulfuric acid. Its main advantages are stable voltage and low price; The disadvantages are low specific energy(ie, electrical energy stored per kilogram of battery), short service life and frequent daily maintenance.

2) Dry charge battery: Its full name is a dry charged lead acid battery. Its main feature is that the negative plate has a high storage capacity and can preserve the obtained electricity within two years in a completely dry state. When used, simply add electrolytes, It can be used after 20 to 30 minutes.

3) Non-maintenance Battery: Non-maintenance Battery Due to its structural advantages, the electrolyte consumption is very small, and there is basically no need to supplement distilled water during its service life. It also has the characteristics of earthquake resistance, high temperature resistance, small volume, and small self-discharge. The service life is generally twice that of an ordinary battery. There are also two types of maintenance-free batteries on the market: the first type does not need to be maintained after the use of electrolytes at the time of purchase(adding supplements); The other is that the battery itself has been added to the electrolyte and sealed off when it is delivered, and the user can not add a supplement at all.

The lead-acid battery has a series of 2 volts, 4 volts, 6 volts, 8 volts, 12 volts, 24 volts, etc., with a capacity of from 200 mA to 3,000 A. The VRLA battery is a rechargeable battery based on AGM(liquid-absorbing glass fibreboard) technology and a calcium grid board. It has superior high current discharge characteristics and an extremely long service life. It does not need water in use.

The position of industry in the national economy

1, lead acid battery industry development trend analysis

In recent years, with the changes in market demand, the production methods and processes of lead-acid batteries have been continuously improved, the manufacturing level has been continuously improved, and the battery specific energy, cycle life, performance consistency, use safety and environmental protection have been continuously improved. With the development of electric bicycle battery and other power supply, high-temperature curing technology has developed rapidly. It is generally believed that high temperature curing can improve the life of the battery. In recent years, a large number of parameters have been accumulated in the negative electrode additives and their ratios, and some regular experience has been found. For other advanced technologies such as winding batteries, bipolar, thin polar plates, etc., are only in the research phase and are not mass-produced.

According to China's patent technology declaration, the battery industry in recent years the overall technical development of the line of defense is battery structure improvement and battery model development. The foreign patented technology mainly involves cash thin plate bipolar lead batteries, sealed batteries using modular structures, and gel electrolyte lead batteries. Therefore, China's patent technology and foreign countries still have a certain gap.

The lead-acid batteries, which have a history of more than 100 years, will still dominate the market in the coming decades because of their cheap materials, simple process, mature technology, low self-discharge and non-maintenance requirements. Although there may be a turning point in the market space for power-powered batteries, it will still occupy a mainstream position in the country's industrial development in the near future, and it will also occupy a place in the medium term. In the long run, it will continue to exist in areas that do not require high weight-to-energy ratios.

At present, its original major application fields such as automobiles, motorcycles, and spare power supplies are growing significantly, and it has also developed in new application fields such as electric utility vehicles and tour buses, and the development of valve-controlled battery technology. It meets the needs of high-tech equipment such as UPS, power, communication and other power supplies. Due to the continuous advancement of lead-acid battery technology, the electric booster car industry has achieved great development and contributed to reducing the pollution of fuel cars and fuel motorcycles. The development of maintenance-free technology and grille technology has met the needs of rapid development of the automotive industry. It can be said that in these application areas lead acid battery technology has made a real contribution to the improvement of national competitiveness. The demand for small mobile power sources in sectors such as electric tools and electric bicycles has stimulated the rapid growth of the power battery industry. Most of the batteries equipped with electric bicycles are valve controlled sealed lead-acid batteries. After improved performance, they have made breakthroughs in energy and cycle life. However, so far, there are still shortcomings in the medium and high rates than energy, and the deep cycle life is not long enough, which has greatly affected the rapid growth of the electric bicycle industry. Electric bicycle, as a substitute tool for less developed countries, has developed rapidly in recent years.

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