New energy hydrogen production technology and hydrogen fuel cell technology have become hot spots

Polaris energy storage Network: Hydrogen energy is a green and efficient secondary energy source. It has the advantages of wide source, high combustion value, clean and pollution-free, storable, and easy to convert with various energy sources. It is an important component of clean energy in the future section. From a global perspective, hydrogen fuel cell vehicles, which are important technological innovations, are gradually becoming an important area for large-scale commercial application of hydrogen energy. China's hydrogen energy development is in the early stage of demonstration and application, and will play an important role in the future of new energy consumption and carbon emission reduction in transportation.

New energy hydrogen production technology and hydrogen fuel cell technology have become hot spots

Hydrogen energy is a green and efficient secondary energy source with high calorific value, abundant reserves, diverse sources, wide application, and many forms of utilization. The hydrogen energy industry chain includes hydrogen production, storage and transportation of hydrogen, and hydrogen. In terms of hydrogen production, global hydrogen production in 2017 exceeded 60 million tons, 96% of which came from fossil fuels, most of which use natural gas and kerosene to produce hydrogen; electrolyzed water produced only 4% of hydrogen, and hydrogen production costs are high. Fossil fuels produce more than twice as much hydrogen. At present, the use of renewable energy to produce hydrogen from water has become a new hot spot. In terms of hydrogen storage and storage, 25 to 35MPa hydrogen storage tanks with high hydrogen and pressure resistance are commonly used, and 70MPa is in the demonstration application stage. Pipeline transportation is the main method of hydrogen transportation. According to McKinsey data, as of the end of 2017, 4,284 kilometers of hydrogen pipelines have been laid around the world, including 2,400 kilometers in the United States and 1,500 kilometers in Europe. In terms of hydrogen, most of it is limited to the industrial sector. Its main use is as a raw material for the chemical industry, of which 60% is used for ammonia synthesis and 38% is used for refining and deep processing of coal. The application of hydrogen fuel cell vehicles is small, but it is developing rapidly. By the end of 2017, there were more than 6,000 hydrogen fuel cell vehicles in operation and 286 hydrogen refueling stations, mainly in the United States, Japan and Germany.

Hydrogen has become an important part of many countries' energy systems.

Hydrogen energy is a low-carbon and efficient clean energy. With the acceleration of global warming control, there is an urgent need for hydrogen energy development, and the market space is also very broad. At present, developed countries have introduced strong hydrogen and fuel cell support policies. The most active and most responsive is Japan, the European Union and the United States. China, South Korea, Brazil, Canada and other countries have also deployed.

The United States is a pioneer in the development of hydrogen energy. In 1970, the development of hydrogen energy technology began. In 2002, the Bush administration formulated a road map for the development of hydrogen energy in the United States and issued a series of laws and regulations to accelerate the development of the hydrogen energy industry. Since the financial crisis in 2008, the Obama administration has reduced its financial support for the hydrogen energy sector and turned to industries that support relatively clean technologies such as clean energy and electric vehicles, and which are conducive to economic recovery in the short term, which will have a certain impact on the development of hydrogen energy. In 2014, the United States promulgated the "Comprehensive Energy Strategy" to redefine the leading role of hydrogen energy in transportation transformation. In 2017, it announced that it will continue to support the construction of 30 hydrogen energy projects and promote significant progress in the hydrogen energy industry. According to the statistics of the US Department of Energy, in 2016, the US hydrogen energy industry created about 16,000 jobs, with more than 3,500 hydrogen fuel cell vehicles and 60 hydrogen refueling stations.

Japan is striving to build a hydrogen energy society, formulating a national hydrogen energy basic strategy, determining the goal of hydrogen energy society construction and specific action plans by 2050, and planning to fully adopt hydrogen energy buses at the Tokyo Olympics. The Japanese government has cooperated with auto industry manufacturers to develop hydrogen fuel cell vehicles. By the end of 2017, Japan's hydrogen fuel cell vehicles exceeded 2,000, making it the world's largest hydrogen fuel cell vehicle market. It is planned that by 2020, the number of hydrogen-energy fuel cell vehicles that can be used in Japan will reach 40,000, reaching 200,000 by 2025 and 800,000 by 2030. 900 widely used hydrogen refueling stations will provide hydrogenation services for these vehicles.

The city of Hamburg, Germany, launched the grand hydrogen energy demonstration application project “HyCity”, which is called “the window to the energy world of tomorrow”. The program covers the entire hydrogen energy industry chain for hydrogen production, transportation, storage and fuel cell applications. Germany is committed to the development of hydrogen energy application technology integrating wind power generation, electrolysis water hydrogen production, high pressure hydrogen storage and fuel cell power generation technology, and has established a number of hydrogen energy demonstration application centers. For example, the hydrogen energy demonstration project, which is built by ENERTRAG Energy, is a fuel cell power station with a total rated power of 700 kW, which can generate 16GWh of electricity per year, which can meet the electricity demand of 4,000 households.

The role of hydrogen energy and the factors that restrict the development of hydrogen fuel cell vehicles

In the future, hydrogen energy will play an important role in jointly promoting new technologies such as wind energy and solar energy to promote carbon emission reduction and energy transformation, and become an important part of the energy system. The International Hydrogen Energy Council predicts that hydrogen energy demand will be 10 times that of current 2050, accounting for more than 15% of terminal energy consumption, and contributing 20% ??to global carbon dioxide emission reductions.

Safety and high cost are the main factors that restrict the development of hydrogen fuel cell vehicles. From the perspective of safety, the safety of hydrogen fuel cell vehicles continues to increase. Toyota Motor Corporation reduces the risk of deflagration caused by hydrogen fuel leakage by equipped with high-strength carbon fiber-based on-board hydrogen storage tanks and high-performance sensors. From the perspective of cost, hydrogen fuel cell vehicles have a large cost reduction space in the future. At the end of 2016, the total cost of hydrogen fuel cell vehicles was about 2.1 times that of fuel vehicles, 1.6 times that of pure electric vehicles, and half of fuel cell systems. In recent years, Toyota Motor Corporation has continuously reduced the amount of platinum metal used in fuel cell systems (costing about half of the total vehicle) through technological innovation, which has reduced the cost of hydrogen fuel cell vehicles by nearly 80% in the past 10 years. The IEA (International Energy Agency) predicts that by 2030 and 2050, the cost of hydrogen fuel cell vehicles will be 44% and 55% lower than the current, respectively, close to the cost of fuel vehicles. In 2030, global hydrogen fuel cell vehicles will account for 3% of total vehicle production, increase to around 15% in 2050, and more than 300 million hydrogen fuel vehicles will be put into operation. Considering the development stage, technology maturity, cost trend and other factors, electric vehicles will continue to be the leading technology for new energy vehicles in the future. Hydrogen fuel cell vehicles will be heavily used in public transportation, bus, etc. by exerting technological advantages such as short hydrogenation time and long cruising range. The vehicle field is widely used.

China's hydrogen energy industry development status and future application of hydrogen energy in China

China's hydrogen energy industry is still in the early stage of demonstration and application, and there is a big gap with developed countries. Since 2011, China has successively issued a series of policy measures to guide and encourage the development of hydrogen energy and fuel cell industries. Since 2017, various places in China have also begun to introduce hydrogen energy support policies suitable for their own development. Shanghai took the lead in the development of fuel cell vehicles in 2017. Since then, Wuhan and Suzhou have successively released hydrogen energy industry plans. At present, China's coal chemical production of hydrogen is the world's first, but in the fuel cell technology research and development, hydrogen energy key materials and equipment manufacturing, etc., the basic research and development and core technology investment is insufficient, the hydrogen energy industry development generally lags behind the developed countries. As of the end of 2017, there were less than 300 hydrogen fuel cell vehicles in operation in China, and only seven hydrogen refueling stations. The new energy hydrogen production project is progressing slowly. Recently, the National Energy Investment Corporation led the establishment of China's hydrogen energy and fuel cell industry innovation strategic alliance, including more than 10 state-owned enterprises such as State Grid, China CRRC, Baowu Iron and Steel, China FAW, and more than 50 alliance units, aiming to accelerate China Hydrogen industry layout.

As an important part of the country's strategic emerging energy, China is accelerating the development of hydrogen energy and industrial applications. In the future, China's hydrogen energy will play an important role in transportation reduction and electric energy replacement. First, it complements electric vehicles and jointly promotes carbon emission reduction in the transportation sector. The national plan clarifies that by 2020 will realize the demonstration application of 5,000 hydrogen fuel cell vehicles in the public service vehicles in specific regions, and build 100 hydrogen refueling stations; realize the commercial application of one million hydrogen fuel cell vehicles in 2030, and build 1,000 sets of vehicles Hydrogen station. The second is to build a hydrogen energy power generation system. According to the statistics of Lazard Consulting, the cost of hydrogen fuel cell power generation system in 2016 is 0.74 to 1.16 Yuan per kWh, which already has certain market competitiveness. In the future, we will promote the application of small-scale hydrogen fuel cell distributed generation system on the user side to meet the needs of household cogeneration, promote the electrification process of the home, and promote the replacement of electric energy.

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