What's the difference between battery and lithium battery?

The accumulator is a kind of battery. Its function is to store the limited electric energy and use it in the right place. It works by converting chemical energy into electrical energy.

It USES lead plates filled with spongy lead as a negative electrode, lead plates filled with lead dioxide as a positive electrode, and 22 to 28 percent dilute sulfuric acid as an electrolyte. During charging, electrical energy is converted into chemical energy, which in turn is converted into electrical energy during discharge. When the battery is discharging, the metal lead is the negative electrode, which is oxidized to lead sulfate. Lead dioxide is the positive electrode, which is reduced to lead sulfate. When a battery is charged by direct current, lead and lead dioxide are produced at both poles. After removing the power supply, it reverts to its pre-discharge state and forms a chemical battery. Lead battery can be repeatedly charged and discharged batteries, called secondary batteries. It has a voltage of 2V and is usually used in series with three lead batteries, with a voltage of 6V. In the car, six lead batteries are connected in series to form a 12V battery pack. Lead batteries need to be replenished with sulfuric acid after a period of use to keep the electrolyte containing 22-28% dilute sulfuric acid.

Lithium battery is a kind of battery which is made of lithium metal or lithium alloy as cathode material and USES non-aqueous electrolyte solution. The first lithium batteries came from the great inventor Edison.

Due to the chemical characteristics of lithium metal is very lively, making the processing, preservation, use of lithium metal, the environment is very high requirements. So lithium batteries have not been used for a long time.

With the development of microelectronic technology in the 20th century, more and more miniaturized devices are being used, which requires high power supply. The lithium battery then entered the large-scale practical stage.

It was first used in pacemakers. Because the self-discharge rate of lithium battery is very low, the discharge voltage is gentle. It makes it possible for pacemakers to be implanted into the body for long-term use.

Lithium battery is a kind of battery which is made of lithium metal or lithium alloy as negative electrode material and USES non-aqueous electrolyte solution, while lead-acid battery is a battery whose electrode is mainly made of lead and its oxide, and the electrolyte is sulfuric acid solution.

I. lithium battery

1. Basic introduction

Lithium batteries (Lithium battery) refers to the electrochemical system containing lithium (including metal lithium, lithium metal and lithium ion, lithium polymer) batteries. Lithium batteries can be roughly divided into two categories: lithium metal batteries and lithium ion batteries. Lithium-ion batteries do not contain metallic lithium and are rechargeable. The fifth generation of rechargeable lithium metal battery was born in 1996. Its safety, specific capacity, self-discharge rate and performance-to-price ratio are all better than lithium ion battery. Because of its own high technology requirements, only a few companies in a few countries now produce the lithium metal battery.

2. Working principle

(1) lithium metal battery:

Lithium metal batteries generally use manganese dioxide as the positive electrode material, lithium metal or its alloy metal as the negative electrode material, the use of non-aqueous electrolyte solution of the battery.

Discharge reaction: Li+MnO2=LiMnO2

(2) lithium ion battery:

Lithium ion battery is generally used lithium alloy metal oxide as a positive material, graphite as a negative material, the use of non-water electrolyte battery.

The reaction on the positive electrode of charge is

LiCoO2 = = Li (1 -) x CoO2 + XLi++ Xe - (electronic)

The reaction on the negative electrode of charge is

6 c + XLi++ Xe - = LixC6

Total rechargeable battery reaction: LiCoO2+6C=Li(1-x)CoO2+LixC6

Two, lead-acid battery

1. Basic introduction

Has experienced nearly 150 years development course, lead-acid battery in terms of theoretical research, the species and varieties of products, product electrical performance, etc got great progress, both in transportation, communications, electric power, military and in the field of navigation,special economies, lead-acid batteries have played an indispensable role. According to the difference of lead-acid battery structure and use, the batteries are roughly divided into four categories :(1) lead-acid battery for starting; (2) power lead-acid battery; (3) fixed valve-controlled sealed lead-acid battery; (4) other categories, including small valve-controlled sealed lead-acid battery, lead-acid battery for mining lamps, etc.

2. Working principle

Valve-controlled lead-acid battery charging is to connect external dc power supply to the battery for charging, so that the electrical energy into chemical energy storage. A discharge is the release of electrical energy from a battery to drive an external device.

When the lead-acid battery charging will reach its peak, the charging current is only used to decompose the water in the electrolyte. At this point, the positive electrode of the battery produces oxygen, and the negative electrode produces hydrogen. The gas will overflow from the battery, resulting in the reduction of the electrolyte.

On the other hand, at the end of charging or under the condition of overcharging, the charging energy is used to decompose water, and the oxygen generated by the positive electrode reacts with the spongy lead generated by the negative electrode, leaving part of the negative electrode in an unfilled state and inhibiting the generation of negative hydrogen.

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