The purpose of lithium and its application field

Lithium is widely used in battery, ceramic, glass, lubricant, cooling liquid, thespecial industry and the photoelectric industries. As the continuous development of computers, digital cameras, mobile phones, mobile power tools, etc. electronic products, lithium-ion battery industry has become the largest consumer sector. In addition, lithium carbonate is one of the effective ways in ceramics industry to reduce energy consumption, environmental protection, the demand for lithium will also be increased. At the same time, the various new role of lithium in glass has been found, the demand for lithium will still grow in glass industry. Thus, glass and ceramics industry became the lithium's second largest consumer sector.

Because the atomic weight of the lithium is very small, so made anode of lithium battery with high energy density. In addition, the lithium battery Also has the advantage of light quality, small volume, long service life, the advantages of good performance, no pollution, and popularity. Lithium in recent years, the application in the field of cell growth, has risen from 7% in 1997 to 35% in 2013, has become one of the world's biggest consumer of lithium battery field. Now Lithium electricity Pool has been widely applied to notebook computers, mobile phones, digital cameras, small electronic equipment,special, mechanical and electrical and military communications and other fields. With electric vehicle technology matures, lithium battery will be widely applied to the automotive industry.

Lithium concentrate or lithium chloride in manufacturing glass have a bigger help melt, added to the glass batch can lower the temperature at which the glass melting and melt viscosity, simplify the production process, reduce the energy consumption and prolong furnace life, increase production, improve the operating conditions, reduce pollution. In addition, the lithium compound is added in the glass also can reduce the glass thermal expansion coefficient, improve the density of glass and bright and clean degree, improve the product strength, ductility, corrosion resistance and heat rapidly varied performance. Now lithium glass is widely used in chemical, electronics, optics and modern science and technology department, even in the daily necessities.

Ceramic to add a small amount of spodumene can reduce the sintering temperature, shorten sintering time, improve liquidity and adhesion of the ceramic, improve the strength of the ceramics and the refractive index, strengthen ceramic heat, acid, alkali resistance, wear resistance and heat resistance rapidly varied performance. Now, use lithium fair stone into lithium omphacitic thermal expansion ceramics and thermal expansion glaze was widely used in the microwave oven tray, electromagnetic range panel, turbine blade, the spark plug, low thermal expansion coefficient and lightweight ceramic foam ceramics.

Lithium grease and potassium, sodium, calcium base grease, compared with oxygen, pressure resistance, good lubrication performance advantages, especially the work degree wide lithium grease, water resistant performance is good, under 60 ℃ ~ 300 ℃, almost do not change the viscosity of the grease, even if water volume is low, still can maintain good stability, and therefore be applied to aircraft, tanks, train, automobile, metallurgy, petrochemical industry, such as radio detection devices.

Lithium metal has a large heat capacity, wide liquid temperature range, high thermal conductivity, low viscosity and the properties of small density, used as a coolant inspecial fusion orspecial fission reactors.

Lithium bromide is a kind of effective vapor absorbent and humidity of the air conditioners, is widely used in refrigeration and air conditioning, dehumidification, air purification system.

Lithium and its compounds with high combustion degree, high speed, great flame width, calorific value, often as a high-energy fuel for rockets, aircraft or onspecials.

Lithium can also make the lithium salt fertilizer ", prevention and treatment of tomatoes rotting and wheat rust disease.

Adding lithium aluminum electrolytic cell can improve the melting salt liquidity, reduce the degree of electrolytic, saving energy effect is remarkable.

N-butyl lithium is used as a synthesis of styrene and butadiene alcohol initiator, widely used in high temperature and low temperature resistance of rubber materials and rubber tire, rubber tire with butyl lithium can make its life by more than four times.

Lithium battery has a very wide range of USES, there are all kinds of mobile electronic devices, such as: mobile phone/tablet PC/laptop/flashlight/digital camera/digital camera/digital products/LED strong light flashlight/laser flashlight/outdoor lighting lamps and lanterns lighting flashlight/engineering/miner's lamp/emergency light/electric toy/console/remote control aircraft/electric tools/cordless small household electrical appliances, electric bicycle/electric leisure car/portable audio and video digital/instrument balance, walking, also can be used in vehicles, such as electric cars, startup power source, can also be used in electric power system of energy storage.

"Lithium battery", is a kind of lithium metal or lithium alloy anode materials, the use of water battery electrolyte solution. Lithium battery as early as 1912 by GilbertN. Lewis is put forward in this study. In the 1970 s, M.S.W hittingham and began to study are put forward Lithium ion batteries. Due to the lithium chemistry is very lively, making lithium metal processing, storage, use, very high demand on the environment. So, the lithium battery has not been applied for a long time. With the development of science and technology, the lithium battery has now become the mainstream.

Lithium battery can be roughly divided into two categories: lithium battery and lithium ion batteries. Lithium ion battery does not contain lithium metal state, and can be recharged. The fifth generation of rechargeable battery product lithium battery was born in 1996, its security, specific capacity, self-discharge rate and cost performance is better than that of lithium ion batteries. Because of its high technical requirements limit, now only a few countries in the production of this kind of lithium battery.

The earliest application of lithium-ion batteries in the cardiac pacemaker. Lithium battery self-discharge rate is extremely low, the advantages of discharge voltage flat, which makes the pacemaker implantation in the human body for a long-time operation without recharging the batteries. Lithium batteries tend to have higher than the nominal voltage of 3.0 v, is more suitable for integrated circuit power supply. Manganese dioxide batteries, is widely used in calculators, digital camera, a watch.

In order to develop more excellent performance of varieties, people of various materials are studied, so as to create an unprecedented product.

Sony in 1992 successfully developed lithium-ion batteries. Its practical application, make people's mobile phone, notebook, calculator carry type electronic equipment such as less weight and volume.

1, in the 1970 s, M.S.W exxon hittingham using titanium sulfide as the anode material, metallic lithium as negative material, made the first lithium battery.

2, 1980, J.G oodenough discovered cobalt acid lithium can be used as lithium ion battery cathode material.

3, 1982, university of Illinois institute of technology (the Illinois Institute of Technology) R.R.A garwal and J.R.S elman found embedded lithium ion has the properties of the graphite, the process is quick, and reversible. At the same time, made of metallic lithium batteries, much attention has been paid to its safety problems, so people try to take advantage of the characteristics of lithium ion embedded graphite production of rechargeable batteries. The first available lithium-ion graphite electrode successfully trial-produced by bell LABS.

4, 1983 m. hackeray, J.G galaxite oodenough and others found to be excellent cathode material, with a low price, stable and good conductive lithium, guide performance. Its decomposition temperature is high, and oxidation is far lower than the cobalt acid lithium, even if a short circuit, over charge, also can avoid the risk of combustion and explosion.

5, 1989, Arjun anthiram and J.G oodenough anionic polymerization is found that the positive will generate higher voltage.

6, 1991, SONY released the first commercial lithium-ion batteries. Subsequently, lithium ion batteries have revolutionized the face of consumer electronics products.

Padhi and Goodenough discovered 7, 1996 has olivine structure of phosphate, such as lithium iron phosphate (LiFePO4), more superiority than traditional cathode material, therefore has become the mainstream of the anode materials.

As digital products such as the widespread use of mobile phones, laptops and other products, lithium-ion battery with excellent performance is widely used in such products, and gradually to other areas of application development products. In 1998, Tianjin institute of power began commercial production of lithium ion battery. Traditionally, people called the lithium ion battery is lithium battery, but the two batteries are not the same. Lithium ion battery has become the mainstream.

Carbon cathode materials

Most of cathode materials used in lithium-ion battery are carbon basically, such as artificial graphite, natural graphite, carbon mesophase microsphere resin, petroleum coke, carbon fiber, pyrolysis carbon, etc.

Tin based cathode materials

Tin based anode materials can be divided into tin oxides and tin base composite oxide. Oxide refers to the various valence metal tin oxide. No commercial product.

Nitrides

No commercial product.

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