What are the advantages and disadvantages of lead-acid batteries

Advantages:

1 Long life

2 Low price

3 can discharge large current

Disadvantages:

1 Lead pollution

2 Low energy density, that is, too heavy

Advantages and disadvantages of lithium-ion batteries and lead-acid batteries for electric vehicles

Excessive life span

The recycling life of lead-acid batteries is about 200 times, with a maximum of 300 times. The recycling life of lithium-ion batteries has reached more than 300 times, and standard charging(5 hours rate) can be used up to 500 times or even more than 1,000 times. Lead acid batteries can also be used for a maximum of 1-5 .5 years, while lithium-ion batteries can be used under the same conditions for up to 3 years.

Second, use safety, good performance

Lithium-ion batteries completely solve the safety problems of lead-acid batteries. Lead acid batteries will explode in a strong collision and pose a threat to the safety of consumers. Lithium-ion batteries do not explode under strict safety tests.

Second, no memory effect

The rechargeable battery works under conditions that are often full and undischarged. The capacity will quickly fall below the rated capacity. This phenomenon is called the memory effect. The lithium-ion battery does not have this phenomenon. Regardless of the state of the battery, it can be used with charging without having to put it out before charging.

Small size, light weight and long time

Lithium-ion batteries of the same size are 2/3 of the volume of lead-acid batteries and 1/3 of the weight of lead-acid batteries.

V. Lithium-ion batteries are twice as expensive as lead-acid batteries.

VI. Green Environment

There is a large amount of lead in lead-acid batteries in lead-acid batteries in electric vehicles of lead-acid batteries. If properly disposed of after disposal, it will cause pollution to the environment. Lithium materials are free of any toxic and harmful substances and are considered by the world as green and environmentally friendly batteries. The battery has no pollution in production and use, and it has become a hot spot for research.

In addition to lithium batteries, lead batteries are also a very important battery system. The advantage of the lead battery is that the electromotive force is relatively stable when discharging. The disadvantage is that it is smaller than energy(energy stored per unit weight) and is corrosive to the environment. The working voltage of the lead battery is stable, the operating temperature and use current range are wide, hundreds of cycles can be charged and discharged, the storage performance is good(especially suitable for dry charge storage), and the cost is low, so it is widely used.

Lead -- battery: Its volume and weight have not been effectively improved, so it is currently most commonly used on cars and motorcycles. The biggest improvement of lead-acid batteries is the newly adopted high-efficiency oxygen recombination technology to complete water regeneration so as to achieve complete sealing without adding water. The resulting "water-free battery" can last up to 4 years(single polar plate voltage 2V).

Since the invention of the lead-acid battery by Prant in 1859, it has a history of more than 150 years. The technology is very mature and it is the most widely used chemical power source in the world. Although new batteries such as nickel-cadmium batteries, nickel-metal hydrogen batteries, and lithium-ion batteries have been introduced and applied in recent years, However, lead-acid batteries still rely on a series of advantages such as strong current discharge performance, stable voltage characteristics, wide range of temperature applications, large single battery capacity, abundant and renewable raw materials, and low prices. In the vast majority of traditional fields and some emerging application areas, occupy a solid position.

Composition of lead battery: polar plate, separator, shell, electrolyte, lead connection bar, pole column, etc..

1. Positive and negative plates

Classification and composition: the polar plate is divided into positive plates and negative plates, both composed of a grid and an active substance filled on it.

Principle Chart of Lead Battery

Principle Chart of Lead Battery

Function: The conversion of electrical energy and chemical energy during charge and discharge of the battery is achieved by the chemical reaction of active substances on the polar plate and sulfuric acid in the electrolyte.

Color distinction: The active substance on the positive plate is lead dioxide(PbO2), dark brown; The active substance on the negative plate is sponge pure lead(Pb), which is grayish gray.

The function of the grid: to accommodate the active material and shape the plate.

Polar-plate group: In order to increase the battery capacity, multiple positive and negative plates are welded in parallel to form a positive and negative plate group.

Special requirements for installation: the positive and negative plates are interlaminated when installed, and the partition is inserted in the middle. In every single battery, the number of negative plates is always one more than that of positive plates.

2. Barrier

Function: In order to reduce the internal resistance and size of the battery, the positive and negative plates inside the battery should be as close as possible; In order to avoid short-circuit contact with each other, the positive and negative plates must be separated by partitions.

Material requirements: the partition material should have porous and permeability, and chemical properties to be stable, that is, have good acid resistance and anti-oxidation.

Materials: Common partition materials are wood partitions, microporous rubber, microporous plastic, glass fiber, and cardboard.

Installation requirements: the side with a groove on the installation panel should face the positive plate.

3. Shell

Role: Used to hold electrolytes and plates

Material: Made of materials with acid resistance, heat resistance, shock resistance, good insulation, and certain mechanical properties.

Structural characteristics: The shell is a holistic structure. The interior of the shell is separated by three or six separate single cells. There are protruding ribs at the bottom to shelve the polar plate group. The space between the ribs is used to accumulate the removed active material to prevent short circuits between the plates. After the plates are loaded into the shell, the upper part is sealed with a battery cover made of the same material as the shell. On the top of the battery cover corresponds to every single cell, there is a liquid-filled hole for the addition of electrolytes and distilled water. It can also be used to check the height of the electrolyte and measure the relative density of the electrolyte.

4. Electrolytes

Function: Electrolytic fluid performs electrical conductivity and participates in chemical reactions between ions during the conversion of electrical energy and chemical energy, that is, electrical reactions that charge and discharge.

Composition: It is prepared from pure sulfuric acid and distilled water in a certain proportion, and its density is generally 1.24 to 1.30 g/ml.

Special Note: The purity of the electrolyte is an important factor that affects the performance and service life of the battery.

5. Cascading of monomer batteries

Batteries are generally made up of 3 or 6 monomer batteries in series with rated voltages of 6V or 12V, respectively.

Cascade mode: the single battery concatenation mode generally has the traditional exposed type, through the wall type and the leap type three ways.

This kind of connection method is simple, but it consumes a lot of lead and has a large resistance to the connection. Therefore, the voltage decreases greatly and the power loss is also large when starting, and it is easy to cause short circuits.

The pipe-through connection method is to perforate the interwall between the adjacent monomer batteries for the connection bar to pass through and weld the polar column of the polar plate group of the two monomer batteries together.

Leapfrog connection: There is a gap above the interwall between the adjacent monomer batteries. The connecting bars connect the polar columns of the two monomer batteries through the gap to cross the interfacial walls. All the connecting bars are arranged. Under the overall cover.

Compared with the traditional exposed lead connecting joint, the penetrating and leaping connecting modes have the advantages of short connection distance, low material saving, low resistance, and good starting performance.

The page contains the contents of the machine translation.