Analysis of the problem of electric vehicle power battery

Electric cars power battery mainly refers to electric vehicles used for household and similar places, which is used as storage power source. Classified by battery material, there are: lead-acid batteries, lithium ion battery, etc. Classified by applications, they mainly include: household electric vehicle power battery, and special occasions electric power battery. At present, the daily electric vehicles are almost all electric bicycles. Therefore, people usually call electric bicycle power battery for electric vehicle batteries, which is a general sense of electric power battery.

Electric power battery currently there are two main types of lead-acid batteries, lithium ion battery. Lead-acid battery in our country belong to the production license management products, must be approved by the relevant departments to rear can production, products must be marked "production license" and "QS" logo. Lead-acid battery is one of the traditional electric power energy, in the application of the electric vehicle has more than 20 years, product technology already quite mature, utility ratio more than 98%.Lead-acid batteries for electric bikes have generally consist of several voltage of 12 v battery monomer composition, battery voltage is mainly composed of 36 v, 48 v, capacity of no more than 20 ah.

The lithium ion battery in the electric vehicle is less than 10 years, and lithium ion battery as a new energy product, technology is not yet perfect, safety needs to be improved, the current application scope is small. Used for electric bicycle lithium ion batteries main monomer battery anode materials for lithium manganese acid, lithium iron phosphate, three kinds of ternary material, shell mainly adopts steel or aluminum shell package form, shape are mainly square, square scale, cylindrical three soft bag.

Lead-acid battery production in China are mainly concentrated in Zhejiang, Jiangsu, Hebei, Guangdong, Hubei, Shandong, lead-acid battery production in these areas of the accounting for more than 90% of the country.2011 years ago, the country got the license for the manufacturing of lead-acid battery more than about 1200 companies, after 2011 years of environmental regulation, the normal production of about 300 enterprises.

After years of development, our country basic formed in Jiangsu, Zhejiang two regions mainly lead acid type electric power battery production base. At present, only the Zhejiang Changxing day, Amd two big companies occupy the battery more than 70% of national output.

The lithium ion battery production accounted for more than 30% of the world, and presents the increasing trend year by year. In 2011, lithium-ion battery production in our country about 3 billion only. Domestic lithium electricity class electric power battery industry are mainly distributed in the pearl river delta, Yangtze river delta and Bohai sea area, in addition to Henan, Fujian, Harbin has a little distribution. Producers of electric bicycle with lithium ion batteries have Suzhou star constant, Bick, new energy, BYD Tianjin lishen, ATL, Harbin gyu, etc.

In recent years, our country's electric power battery industry got great development, increasing product variety, quality continuously improved. Compared with the development of battery industry abroad, the domestic is more creative form the electric bicycle lead-acid battery to use this new battery types, better adapted to the broad masses of the people's travel, consumer demand, but at the same time, our country electric power battery industry remains to be further improve and develop.

Battery industry concentration degree is low. In our country, the electric vehicle power battery production enterprises reached thousands of, although passed within the industry reshuffle, especially environmental protection regulation stage, there are still hundreds of manufacturing enterprises. Compared with highly centralized battery industry abroad, the quantity, small scale of battery enterprises in our country, is still in the decentralized state, cannot reach the size of the battery enterprises abroad concentration, industrial concentration needs to be improved.

Key technical equipment, key materials imported. In terms of electric vehicle power battery, battery core technology of intellectual property rights of Chinese enterprises involved in relatively few number of patents, most key technical monopoly by Japan, the United States, such as lithium ion battery diaphragm basic for imports, production technology and equipment of power battery diaphragm were listed one listing on China's export restrictions. Domestic lithium electricity class electric power battery production enterprises of production largely under the control of the production enterprises of foreign key materials, battery technology widespread breakthrough innovation foundation weak:

As the power source of electric vehicles, electric vehicle power battery first need to satisfy the demands of consumers on product performance, at the same time, to lithium electricity class electric power battery, due to the file ion battery safety performance has not been completely overcome, is to protect the safety of users, should be from harm as the main principle and basis. Involved in domestic electric power battery quality and safety of main standards: GB/T22199-2008 "electric moped in sealed lead-acid battery, GB/T7403.1-2008" traction with lead-acid battery part 1: technical conditions ", GB/T18332.1-2009 electric road vehicles use lead-acid batteries, QB/T2947.1-2008 "electric bicycle with a battery and charger part 1: sealed lead-acid battery and charger, etc.

The main problem of the common

In recent years, the general administration of quality supervision, inspection and quarantine of product has carried out many electric vehicle power battery state supervision and spot check, in selectiving examination found that the main problems are:

Capacity of 1.

Capacity is the key performance of the battery, the battery can reflect the actual use effect. Capacity and points 2 h rate capacity and a capacity of 15 ℃ low temperature, the size of the 2 h rate capacity, moving distance is directly related to the electric capacity at low temperature are reflected the use effect of the battery under the condition of low temperature.

Has not qualified for the following reasons on the one hand is to control the quality of some enterprise is not yet in place, no strict product quality control method, also the lack of effective management of staff and the production process, or some enterprises to the one-sided pursuit of high profits and reduce costs, and cut corners or to low price competition, on the other hand there are manufacturers or distributors in order to increase profits, deliberately exaggerated or empty the battery capacity, with small capacity battery to sell large capacity battery price. The latter to mislead or intentionally deceive consumer behavior, disturb the order of the battery market.

2. Charge to accept ability

Charge to accept ability is refers to the battery under certain conditions, ability to filling the electricity. On the surface it embodies the battery charging efficiency high and low, in fact it with battery plate grid alloy, lead paste composition, additives, and even the battery electrolyte structure and assembly quality has a great relationship. In a sense, charging accept ability also affects the capacity and cycle life of the battery.

3. A discharge

Over discharge is refers to the battery during discharge, battery discharging termination voltage value, continue to discharge, as the electrolyte concentration is very thin, chemical reaction of lead sulfate concentration will be more and more big, will form large crystal particles, which form the sulfuric acid salinization. Can jam the crystals of poor electrical conductivity, large volume, micropore plate, in the long run it stopped the energy and chemical energy in the reversible conversion, or grid plate deformation, active material loss, the phenomenon such as the single battery short circuit., in turn, can lead to after discharge test battery, rechargeable recovery ability is very poor, battery severely damaged, even beyond repair.

In the everyday use of electric cars, consumers are often in electric vehicles due to insufficient power to stop driving, placed a period of time continue to drive, rather than charging in time, make the battery in a discharge state, the use of such habits is a great damage to the battery, will affect the service life of the battery.

The choose and buy and use

1. The product logo is complete

Including name of manufacturer, model or specification of product, production date, trademarks, production license logo and number; For lead-acid battery, check product ontology for striking production license logo and number, try to choose the production date and purchase date of similar products.

The longer the battery capacity, the greater the battery discharge time, don't buy no marking of battery capacity, such as battery ontology has multiple capacity, may consult the relevant departments to confirm, beware of capacity of qi by deception.

Check the battery body and outer packing marks are consistent.

Separate buy batteries, be sure to ask for the formal invoice, in order to safeguard the legitimate rights and interests of their own when a dispute.

2. The appearance of the battery

See if any deformation, cracks, scratches, and leakage. Battery terminals should be clean, no rust, mark should be clear.

3. Develop good habits

When used in electric vehicles and wind uphill start, had better use manpower to help the car starting, electric cars at startup, uphill riding against the wind and the wind, the pedal power, should be used to alleviate the load cell, extend the life; When the downhill, it can transfer electric cars to let go. When the battery is low, should ride at low speed, not in the condition of battery voltage.

Electric vehicle overload will cause the battery long time large current discharge, and damage battery and this is one of the main reasons for battery life shorten.

4. To master the correct charging method

Battery temperature should be between 0 to 40 ℃, charging should be conducted at room temperature, especially in the cold season. To pay attention to the charging status of the charger and the normal charging time, prevent the battery charged owe or charging, charging anything abnormal, should be timely consulting professionals, in order to avoid damage to the battery. After each use charge in time, lay up for a long time, regularly to the battery.

5. Use with battery charger

Use and form a complete set of electric vehicle power battery charger is very important, the right charger can according to automatically adjust the charging battery characteristics, is conducive to extend the service life of the battery. For electric power lithium ion battery, must use the manufacturer designated supporting charger, When battery replacement, the charger must be replaced at the same time.

6. Regular maintenance to replace batteries

Battery after a long time, such as found that the battery is low, especially when battery charging fever is serious, should ask professional maintenance staff to check, necessary replacement battery, battery changes, should be a set of replacement at the same time.

Model, is inconsistent with the old and new battery series or cannot use at the same time, different manufacturers battery and do not mix.

7. Pay close attention to related department released by the product quality inspection information

Consumers can often pay close attention to product quality supervision department issued by the product quality monitoring information, through a variety of information sources battery of choose and buy, use and maintenance knowledge.

8. Reasonable recycling

Lead and lead oxide can cause pollution to the environment, endanger the human nervous system, digestive system, hematopoietic system, kidney and so on health. Lithium ion battery contains six toxic materials such as lithium fluoride phosphate, can cause pollution to environment and ecosystem, cobalt, manganese, copper and other metals by accumulating effect also by food chain harm to human beings. Therefore, waste lead acid, lithium-ion electric power battery can't pile up, discard or dismantling, recycling should be to a production enterprise or specialized institutions for recycling.

The page contains the contents of the machine translation.