Working principle of lithium-ion batteries

The misunderstanding of many people is the presence of metallic lithium in lithium-ion batteries, but in fact, it is only a lithium-ion compound. The compound used on the positive electrode can decompose lithium ions during charging, and the battery with carbon material as the negative electrode. The process of lithium ion intercalation and detachment from the positive electrode compound is the process of charging and discharging the battery, which is accompanied by the embedding and detachment of electrons equivalent to lithium ions. In general, people use embedding to indicate charging and de-interleaving to indicate discharge. The process of lithium ions intercalating and unplugging between the positive and negative electrodes is the process of charging and discharging, and therefore the lithium-ion battery is also called the "rocking chair battery".

Lithium-ion battery discharge: The process of discharge is opposite to the process of charging. The lithium ion of the negative electrode is separated from the small hole of the carbon material and returned to the positive electrode. The more lithium ions return to the positive electrode, the more the battery's power is used, and the less power is left.

Lithium-ion battery charging: The process of charging is the process of lithium-ion generation and movement. The compound of the positive electrode of the battery generates a large number of lithium ions. After entering the electrolyte, the lithium ions move from the positive electrode to the negative electrode. The negative electrode of the lithium ion battery is composed of carbon material, and the lithium-ion reaching the negative electrode is embedded in the small hole of the carbon material, and the more lithium ions the carbon material can accommodate, the larger the battery can hold. This is the capacity (MAH) that is often said.

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