Do you know what materials are used to make lithium batteries?

Lithium batteries are divided into two types: lithium metal batteries and lithium ion batteries. This is defined by the presence of lithium. Lithium metal batteries use metallic lithium as an electrode, while lithium-ion batteries exist in the form of ions.

Lithium metal batteries that generate electricity through the corrosion or oxidation of metallic lithium are used up and can not be charged, so they are also called primary batteries. Lithium-ion batteries use the concentration difference of lithium ions for energy storage and discharge. There is no metallic lithium in the battery, so it is also called a lithium secondary battery. At present, it is used in mobile phones, cameras, power tools, electric vehicles, energy storage, communication base stations and other rechargeable lithium batteries, all of which are lithium ion batteries. Most commonly used lithium batteries in the general market are lithium-ion batteries, and everyone is also accustomed to simply referring to lithium batteries. The lithium battery in this article also mainly refers to lithium ion batteries.

Lithium battery classification

1, the market is used in the two classification methods: classified by polar material and classified by the appearance of the product.

A, classified by polar material

Cathode material: lithium iron phosphate battery (LFP), lithium cobalt oxide battery (LCO), lithium manganese oxide battery (LMO), (binary battery: lithium nickel manganese oxide / lithium nickel cobaltate), (ternary: nickel cobalt manganese Lithium acid battery (NCM), nickel cobalt aluminum aluminate battery (NCA)

Negative materials: Lithium titanate battery (LTO), graphene battery, Nano carbon fiber battery

Regarding the concept of graphene on the market, it mainly refers to graphene-based batteries, that is, graphene slurry is added to the electrode, or graphene coating is added to the diaphragm. Lithium nickel acid and magnesium based batteries are basically non-existent in the market.

B, by product appearance

Divided into: cylindrical, soft package, Square.

Cylinders and square outer packaging are mostly steel shells or aluminum shells. The soft package is packaged in aluminum plastic film. In fact, the soft package is also a kind of square. The market is accustomed to packaging aluminum plastic film as a soft package, and some people call the soft package battery as a polymer battery.

For cylindrical lithium-ion batteries, the model is generally a 5-digit number. The first two digits are the diameter of the battery and the middle two digits are the height of the battery. The unit is mm. For example, the 18650 lithium battery has a diameter of 18 mm and a height of 65 mm.

C, by electrolyte material

Lithium-ion batteries are divided into liquid lithium-ion batteries (LIB) and polymer lithium-ion batteries (PLB).

Liquid lithium-ion batteries use liquid electrolytes (currently power batteries are mostly such). Polymer lithium-ion batteries are replaced by solid polymer electrolytes. This polymer can be "dry" or "colloidal," and most of them currently use polymer gel electrolytes. With regard to solid-state batteries, strictly speaking, it means that both electrodes and electrolytes are solid.

D, by battery utility

Power type batteries and energy type batteries. Energy-type batteries are characterized by high energy density and are mainly used for high energy output; The power type battery is characterized by high power density and is mainly used for batteries with instantaneous high power output and output. The power energy type lithium battery is accompanied by the appearance of plug-in hybrid cars. It requires the battery to store higher energy, can support a distance of pure electric driving, but also have a good power characteristics, into the hybrid mode at low power.

Simply understood, the energy type is similar to a marathon runner. To have endurance is to require high capacity and not to require high current discharge performance. Then the power type is the sprinter, the fight is the burst force, but the endurance also needs, otherwise the capacity is too small to run far.

Composition of lithium battery materials

Four main materials: positive electrode material, negative electrode material, diaphragm, electrolyte

Accessories: NMP, copper foil, aluminum foil, aluminum cover plate, conductive agent, binder, other (EMD) and so on.

Lithium battery "is a type of battery that uses lithium metal or lithium alloy as a negative electrode material and uses a non-aqueous electrolyte solution. In 1912, the lithium metal battery was first used by Gile.TN Lewis proposed and studied. In the 1970s, M.S. Whittingham proposed and began to study lithium ion batteries. Due to the very lively chemical properties of lithium metals, the processing, preservation, and use of lithium metals require very high environmental requirements. Therefore, lithium batteries have not been used for a long time. With the development of science and technology, lithium batteries have now become the mainstream.

Lithium batteries can be roughly divided into two categories: lithium metal batteries and lithium ion batteries. Lithium-ion batteries do not contain metallic lithium and can be charged. The fifth-generation lithium metal battery of rechargeable batteries was born in 1996, and its safety, specific capacity, self-discharge rate and performance price are better than those of lithium-ion batteries. Due to its own high-tech requirements, only a few countries are currently producing such lithium metal batteries.

Carbon negative material

The negative electrode materials that have been actually used in lithium ion batteries are basically carbon materials, such as artificial graphite, natural graphite, intermediate phase carbon microspheres, petroleum Coke, carbon fiber, and pyrolytic resin carbon.

Tin base negative electrode material

Tin negative electrode materials can be divided into tin oxides and tin composite oxides. Oxides refer to oxides of various valence metals. No commercial products.

The page contains the contents of the machine translation.