What is the working principle of dry powder battery?

Dry powder batteries are also called dry charge batteries. When used for the first time, add electrolyte. Its principle is the same as that of an ordinary battery. The only difference is that its active materials of the positive and negative electrodes are stored in a dry state. The purpose of this is to increase the storage performance of the new battery and prevent leakage during storage. Since it is stored in a dry state, it is difficult for the active material to deteriorate. In addition, when it is used for the first time, it is not necessary to recharge it, and it can be used immediately after filling the electrolyte.

The positive active material of lead-acid battery is lead dioxide, the negative active material is sponge lead, the electrolyte is dilute sulfuric acid solution, and the discharge chemical reaction is lead dioxide, sponge lead and electrolyte react to form lead sulfate and water, Pb (negative electrode) +PbO2 (positive) + 2H2SO4 ====2PbSO4+2H2O (discharge reaction) The charging chemical reaction is conversion of lead sulfate and water into lead dioxide, sponge lead and dilute sulfuric acid. 2PbSO4+2H2O====Pb (negative)+PbO2 (positive)+2H2SO4 (charging reaction) The lead-acid battery has a rated voltage of 2.0V, and is generally used in series with 6V and 12V for starting lighting of automobiles and motorcycles. The single cells are typically connected in series at 48V, 96V, 110 or 220V for different applications. A rubber, PVC, PE or AGM separator with a very low resistance and a small amount of impurities to stabilize the ion energy is used between the positive and negative plates in the battery. The principle equation for the chemical reaction of charge and discharge of lead-acid batteries is as follows:

Positive electrode: PbO2+2e+HSO4-+3H+==PbSO4+2H2O

Negative electrode: Pb+HSO4-==PbSO4+H++2e

Total reaction: PbO2+2H2SO4+Pb==2PbSO4+2H2O

It can be seen from the above chemical reaction equation that when the lead-acid battery is discharged, the active material of the positive electrode, lead dioxide and the active material of the negative electrode, metal lead, react with the sulfuric acid electrolyte to form lead sulfate, which is electrochemically The reaction is called "disulfation reaction." At the end of the discharge of the battery, the lead sulfate converted into the positive and negative active materials is a crystal structure with loose structure and fine crystals, and the degree of activity is very high. During the charging process of the battery, the loose and fine lead sulfate of the positive and negative electrodes will be changed into lead dioxide and metal lead under the action of external charging current, and the battery will be fully charged. It is this reversible electrochemical reaction that enables the battery to store and release electrical energy.

A device that converts chemical energy into electrical energy is called a chemical battery, and is generally referred to as a battery. After discharge, the internal active material can be regenerated by charging - storing electrical energy as chemical energy; and converting the chemical energy into electrical energy when discharging is required. Such a battery is called a battery (Storage Battery), which is also called a secondary battery.

The so-called battery is an electrical chemical device that stores chemical energy and discharges electric energy when necessary.

A battery (Storage Battery) is a device that converts chemical energy directly into electrical energy. It is a rechargeable battery that is recharged by a reversible chemical reaction. It is usually a lead-acid battery, which is one of the batteries belongs to the secondary battery. Its working principle: the external electric energy is used to regenerate the internal active material during charging, and the electric energy is stored as chemical energy. When discharging, the chemical energy is converted into electric energy output again, such as the mobile phone battery commonly used in life.

It uses a lead substrate grid (also called a lattice body) filled with sponge lead as a negative electrode, a lead substrate grid filled with lead dioxide as a positive electrode, and a dilute sulfuric acid having a density of 1.26--1.33 g/mlg/ml as an electrolyte. When the battery is discharged, the metal lead is the negative electrode, and an oxidation reaction occurs to form lead sulfate; the lead dioxide is a positive electrode, and a reduction reaction occurs to form lead sulfate. When the battery is charged by direct current, the two electrodes generate elemental lead and lead dioxide, respectively. After removing the power supply, it returns to the state before discharge to form a chemical battery. The lead storage battery can be repeatedly charged and discharged. Its single-cell voltage is 2V. The battery is a battery pack composed of one or more monomers. The battery is referred to as the battery. The most common one is 6V. Others have 2V, 4V, 8V, 24V batteries. . For example, a battery used in a car (commonly known as a battery) is a battery pack in which six lead batteries are connected in series to form a 12V battery.

For traditional dry-charged lead storage batteries (such as automotive dry-charge batteries, motorcycle dry-charge batteries, etc.), the distilled water should be added after a period of use to keep the dilute sulfuric acid electrolyte at a density of about 1.28 g/ml; for maintenance-free batteries, It is no longer necessary to add distilled water until use is terminated. [1]

Chemical principle

The equation is as follows:

Total reaction: Pb(s)+PbO2(s)+2H2SO4(aq) reversible symbol 2PbSO4(s)+2H2O(l)

When discharging: negative Pb(s)-2e-+SO42-(aq)=PbSO4(s)

Positive PbO2(s)+2e-+SO42-(aq)+4H+(aq)=PbSO4(s)+2H2O(l)

Total Pb(s)+PbO2(s)+2H2SO4(aq)=2PbSO4(s)+2H2O(l)

Electrolysis cell during charging

Cathode PbSO4(s)+2e-=Pb(s)+SO42-(aq)

Anode PbSO4(s)+2H2O(l)-2e-=Pbo2(s)+SO42-(aq)+4H+(a

Note (The cathode is the negative electrode when charging)

Physical composition

The main components of a lead storage battery are as follows:

Anode plate (lead peroxide PbO2) --->active material

Cathode plate (sponge lead Pb) --->active substance

Electrolyte (diluted sulfuric acid) ---> sulfuric acid (H2SO4) + distilled water (H2O)

Battery case, cover (PPABS flame retardant)

Isolation board (AGM)

Safety valve

Positive and negative columns, etc

Physical quantity contact

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