The difference between lithium iron battery and ordinary battery

First, let us review the history of battery development.

In 1836, the Daniel battery was born (zinc copper primary battery, now unused);

In 1859, the lead-acid battery was invented and it is still very common today;

In 1878, France's L. Metzer developed a zinc-air dry battery technology in a zinc-manganese battery using a platinum-containing porous carbon electrode instead of a manganese dioxide carbon package.

In 1883, the silver oxide battery was invented (it is now commonly used for 1.55V button batteries for watches, and large-sized battery packs are used for high places such asspecials andspecials);

In 1888, zinc-manganese dry batteries began to be commercialized;

In 1899, nickel-cadmium and nickel-iron batteries were invented, which made the battery of the nickel cathode material system begin to enter the field of vision and continue the family of nickel-based batteries (nickel-cadmium, nickel-hydrogen, nickel-zinc, etc.).

At the beginning of the 20th century, battery theory and technology development were once stagnant. Until the Second World War, battery technology had a new major development;

In 1947, the sealing of nickel-cadmium batteries was realized, making nickel-cadmium dry batteries possible;

In 1949, JL developed a miniaturized alkaline zinc-manganese dry battery, which greatly increased the capacity and discharge power of the disposable battery;

In 1958, Harris proposed the use of organic electrolytes as electrolytes for lithium primary batteries, which led to the practical use of a variety of disposable lithium batteries, including lithium manganese dioxide batteries (computer motherboard batteries), lithium thionyl chloride batteries (such as water meters) The ER14505 used above and the lithium-iron disulfide battery are commonly known as lithium iron batteries;

In 1988, nx was founded, creating a pioneering domestic brand against foreign-funded batteries, and has now become one of the top five alkaline battery manufacturers in the world;

In 2009, we grasped the core intellectual property rights of lithium-iron batteries in a timely manner, and achieved full localization, which was superior to the global market.

AA (AAA), which is easily available on the market, is mainly a carbon battery and an alkaline battery, and is easy to purchase regardless of a large supermarket or a small grocery store. Nickel-metal hydride rechargeable batteries are relatively rare, but they are still available. So, what are the differences between these batteries, and how do you choose the right battery? Below we will introduce these three batteries separately.

First, carbon battery

Carbon battery, the scientific name is neutral zinc-manganese dry battery (zinc-manganesedrybattery), the simplest identification method: the battery model is R6+ suffix (fifth) / R03 + suffix (seventh), is such a battery, The suffix S indicates normal, P indicates high power, C indicates high capacity, and the like. Carbon battery discharge power is very low, discharge capacity is also very tricky, so it is only suitable for low-power appliances, such as watches, remote controls. In addition, the negative electrode of the carbon battery is the battery case. After the discharge is completed, the electrolyte leaks due to the crack of the outer casing, which damages the electrical equipment. The biggest advantage is that the price is cheap, the price on the market is often less than one yuan, and even less than 5 degrees (of course, the quality is huh, huh).

Second, alkaline battery

Alkaline batteries, also known as alkaline dry batteries, alkaline zinc-manganese batteries, and alkaline manganese batteries, are among the best-performing varieties of commercial zinc-manganese dry batteries. The alkaline battery model is LR6 (No. 5) / LR03 (No. 7), and the prefix L stands for alkaline (a "L" kaline). Of course, there may be a suffix after the number, but it is not common. The alkaline battery is made of electrolytic manganese dioxide to form a ring-shaped positive electrode, and the zinc powder and the zinc paste of the additive are used as a negative electrode. Due to the strong conductivity of the electrolyte, the surface area of the positive and negative materials is much better than that of the carbon battery, and the promotion of the electrochemical reaction of the zinc-manganese system under strong alkaline conditions, so that the output power and capacity of the alkaline battery are far superior to those of the alkaline battery, carbon battery. Alkaline batteries are more suitable for higher power appliances than carbon batteries. However, with the development of digital technology, many electric appliances are called electric tigers, such as high-brightness LED flashlights and flash lamps. These electric currents are 1500 mA, and the average alkaline battery is also embarrassing.

The problem of leakage of carbon and alkaline batteries has always been a headache for consumers. Needless to say, the carbon battery does not say that the negative electrode zinc, which is continuously consumed by the discharge process, also serves as the outer casing, which determines that the outer casing is likely to rupture and leak after the discharge. After all, the reaction does not necessarily occur so uniformly.

Although alkaline batteries use a sealed battery structure, lye has a characteristic, called wettability, and has a strong adsorption capacity on metal surfaces. This causes the phenomenon of so-called alkali climbing. You can also do simulation experiments at home, find a stainless steel chopsticks, etc., and insert a thicker soda ash solution vertically. As a result, soda ash solids climb up the metal chopsticks. This phenomenon is actually caused by the adsorption of the soda ash solution above the liquid surface due to adsorption on the metal surface to cause a concentration gradient, so that the following soda ash solution is "sucked" to evaporate. This is also happening in alkaline batteries, which is what we often say about battery leakage. Leakage is not terrible, mainly due to the corrosion of expensive electrical appliances. The electrolyte leaks.

In addition, when the alkaline battery is over-discharged, the negative electrode generates hydrogen gas, and the internal pressure of the battery rises. In order to avoid the battery explosion, the negative pressure relief valve is opened, and the exhaust gas is of course leaked. Battery leakage is a matter of love and love. Lightly, the corrosion electrode affects the contact, and the corrosion of the circuit board is expensive. Therefore, an important improvement goal of the battery has been that there has been no leakage.

Third, nickel-metal hydride rechargeable battery

In fact, nickel-metal hydride batteries are not so good to buy. I often visit the supermarkets in the Gulinglou area of Jinling City. I only found two nickel-metal hydride rechargeable batteries, and each one has only one nickel-metal hydride battery. The reason is that for the average user, the nickel-metal hydride battery needs to be used together with the charger, and the single input is too large, which is not cost-effective for users with low-intensity use. The positive electrode of the nickel-hydrogen battery is a hydroxide of nickel, and the negative electrode is a hydrogen storage alloy. The output voltage of Ni-MH battery is more stable than that of zinc-manganese dry battery, and the output power is far beyond the zinc-manganese dry battery. However, nickel-metal hydride batteries have higher self-discharge than zinc-manganese dry batteries, and are even higher than zinc-manganese dry batteries even in low-self-discharged electrical equipment. This can significantly reduce the effective capacity of the battery for low-intensity, long-term use of electrical equipment. In addition, the capacity of nickel-metal hydride batteries (2000-2500 mAh) is originally slightly lower than the capacity of alkaline batteries under low current discharge (2500-3000 mAh), so if nickel-hydrogen batteries are used in watches and other electrical appliances, the use time is often low. In alkaline batteries, it is also easy to cause the nickel-metal hydride battery to over-discharge and damage the electrical equipment.

Fourth, a new generation of dry batteries: lithium iron battery

Lithium iron dry battery, full name lithium-disulfide dry battery because this battery uses a new internal material and has many characteristics, it is often referred to as the third generation dry battery in the industry. Compared with the alkaline batteries that existed in 1949, the appearance of lithium-iron batteries is indeed very novel. The reaction of the positive iron disulfide in the discharge is relatively reversible, so this special battery is not suitable for development as a rechargeable battery, and the use of lithium metal, which is disadvantageous for charging but has a high capacity, as a negative electrode can be improved capacity. This makes the battery ideal for disposable battery applications and is the best alternative to carbon and alkaline batteries. Due to the violent reaction between lithium and water, the lithium iron battery electrolyte uses an organic solvent containing a lithium salt instead of an aqueous solution. Compared with carbon batteries and alkaline batteries, this new type of lithium iron battery the risk of leakage is eliminated on the material. The same size lithium-iron disulfide battery weighs only half of the alkaline battery, and the total discharge energy is more than 25% higher than the alkaline battery. With a significant discharge voltage platform (approximately 1.45V), the lithium-iron battery discharge voltage is more stable than alkaline batteries. The discharge power is significantly higher than that of alkaline batteries. It is especially suitable for heavy load applications such as flashlights, power tools, electric toothbrushes, adult toys, and children's toys. At the same time, compared with alkaline batteries, the liquid leakage rate and self-discharge are lower, so the use of low-power appliances also has certain advantages, but the biggest factor restricting its popularity is higher production cost and high battery unit price. More than 100% of alkaline batteries are available.

In addition to the essential difference between carbon and alkaline batteries in the internal materials, the lithium iron battery is completely different in the production process. The following is the detailed birth process of the lithium iron battery.

The picture above is the raw material of the lithium iron battery positive electrode: iron disulfide powder.

In the drying zone, after the pole piece of the battery has undergone agitation, it will be dried in the drying zone, so that the original slurry is perfectly adsorbed on the pole piece.

This large piece is aluminum foil, and the raw material of the negative electrode needs to be perfectly adsorbed on it.

The stored pole pieces are cut into pieces and tapped on the ears.

Lithium iron battery three-layer safety valve, explosion-proof, leak-proof, short-circuit proof, very safe.

The positive electrode of the lithium iron battery has not been in the state before the electrolyte is injected.

This is the immediate injection of a specially formulated electrolyte!

Of course, every battery will also be sampled for a physical examination. Prepare to give a variety of batteries to the lungs! A lot of batteries, it seems to be choosing sugar. This is a machine x-ray that specializes in x-rays for batteries.

I mainly want to show you that the alkaline battery and the lithium iron battery are different in structure. Through x-ray, let us see what the inside of the battery looks like.

I did not expect the x-ray photo of the battery to be so clear. So everyone understands? Can you see the difference?

As shown in the figure, 2 is the internal structure of the alkaline battery. In simple terms, most of the alkaline batteries are zinc-manganese batteries, and the internally filled material is a liquid electrolyte. Below is the way the lithium iron battery is about to be opened. Warning: You can't just open the battery at any time! The electrolyte inside is a chemical that can corrode the skin.

This baby is with the help of professional staff and dare to rest assured to live.

It can be seen that the interior of the time-resistant lithium iron battery is also a wound structure.

The structure diagram of the lithium-iron battery, how to say it, is there a deep feeling that although I can't understand it, but it feels very powerful. I can't say the four words.

Through the historical review of disposable batteries, as well as violent dismantling and x-ray analysis, we have a clear understanding of carbon batteries, alkaline batteries, lithium iron batteries, and the essential distinction between the three. These three types of batteries have their own advantages. Compared with the first generation of carbon and second-generation alkaline batteries, the advantages of the third-generation lithium-iron battery are more obvious. Among the most outstanding performance advantages: it is fully compatible with 1.5V power platform equipment; it is especially suitable for high current discharge; its power is sufficient, its actual discharge capacity exceeds all commercial primary batteries sold in the market; the temperature range is wider than other primary batteries. More, low temperature performance, can be used in the environment of -40 ° C to 60 ° C; small size, light weight, anti-leakage; low self-discharge, can be stored for up to 10 years; does not contain environmentally harmful materials, no mercury and no chromium Real zero pollution from raw materials. Based on the above advantages, lithium batteries are often referred to in the industry as the third generation of primary batteries after carbon batteries and alkaline batteries. It is the most ideal alternative for disposable batteries, and has become an earthquake and wartime emergency in many countries, a must-have item in the bag.

The page contains the contents of the machine translation.