Lithium iron phosphate is still in the mainstream in passenger cars

Tram news: Since 2017, the Ministry of Industry and Information Technology has issued a total of 9 batches of new energy car recommended models, including 2,789 models of 199 companies. New energy vehicles have developed rapidly, and the upper and lower industrial chains have been developed. Among them, power batteries, which are an important part of new energy vehicles, have also developed rapidly.

Lithium batteries are mainly composed of positive, negative, diaphragm, and electrolyte. There are many types of positive materials, including lithium ferric phosphate, lithium cobalt acid, lithium manganate, and lithium ternary, and lithium ternary lithium ferromanate. NCM, also including a small part of lithium nickel cobalt aluminate NCA. The above is the installed capacity of lithium battery materials from January to August. It can be seen that since 2017, both lithium iron phosphate batteries and lithium ternary batteries have developed rapidly, and the two are comparable in terms of battery installed capacity. However, judging from the situation in the recommended catalog of new energy vehicles, The current situation is that the batteries of new energy passenger vehicles are mainly lithium ternary batteries, while the batteries of new energy passenger cars are mainly lithium iron phosphate batteries.

Analysis of Battery Characteristics of New Energy Passenger Cars

According to the data from the data database of the tram pool, the batteries of the new energy passenger cars are mainly lithium iron phosphate, and passenger cars using lithium manganese acid batteries also account for relatively high numbers. In particular, the batteries of plug-in hybrid passenger cars are mostly lithium manganese batteries.

It is not possible to say which kind of battery is better. We should first have a simple understanding of the difference between the two.

The so-called lithium iron phosphate battery refers to a lithium-ion battery that uses lithium iron phosphate as a positive material. This type of battery is characterized by no precious metal elements (such as cobalt, etc.). Since it does not contain expensive heavy metal materials, the raw material cost of lithium iron phosphate batteries can be compressed very cheaply. In practical use, lithium iron phosphate batteries have the advantages of high-temperature resistance, strong safety and stability, cheap prices, and better recycling performance.

The ternary lithium battery refers to a lithium battery that uses lithium nickel-cobalt manganese acid as a positive material and graphite as a negative material. Unlike lithium iron phosphate, the three-element lithium battery voltage platform is very high, which means that at the same volume or weight, the three-part lithium battery has more energy than power. In addition, in terms of high rate charging, and low-temperature resistance, ternary lithium batteries also have great advantages.

The biggest difference between the two is that the energy density and safety, the size of the energy density related to the car's endurance, and the safety is mainly reflected in whether the material will decompose at high temperatures, these two things are consumers When choosing a new energy car, the most concern. It is also the most controversial place in the industry for these two types of batteries.

The energy density of lithium iron phosphate batteries is less than that of lithium ternary batteries, but its safety is generally considered to be better than lithium ternary. At present, the standard for subsidies for new energy vehicles depends on the energy density of the battery system. The specific policy is that when the energy density of the new energy passenger vehicle battery system exceeds 120 Wh / kg, it can enjoy a subsidy of 1.1 times. Between 90 Wh / kg and 120 Wh / kg can only enjoy double subsidies. Non-fast-charging pure electric passenger cars are subsidized 1.2 times the energy density of batteries above 115 Wh / kg.

Energy density characteristics of new energy passenger car batteries

In 2017, the passenger car battery was rapidly upgraded. The proportion of lithium iron phosphate remained more than 90 %. The energy density of lithium iron phosphate batteries reached more than 115 Wh / kg, while lithium manganate was basically higher than 115 Wh / kg. Due to the relatively full competition of passenger cars, most passenger car companies can achieve the subsidy incentive requirement of 115 Wh/kg.

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