The transportation packaging risks and countermeasures in lithium battery recycling are briefly described

n April 17, by the Chinese battery league, China association of electronic energy saving technology professional committee, the Chinese society for the study of high-tech industrialization, Tsinghua University, Beijing University of technology, "the seventh automotive battery recycling and secondary battery recycling and regeneration technology seminar" held ceremoniously in Beijing, Jiangsu, navigation international freight agency co., LTD., vice general manager li Ming to do at the meeting entitled "lithium battery recycling packaging transportation risk and response in the speech. The following is the full text of the speech.

(the following information is based on the transcript, which has not been reviewed by the speaker. It is only for reference.)

Good morning, everyone. The topic I want to share today is "transportation packaging risks and countermeasures in lithium battery recycling". What we know is that after a period of use, the performance of lithium batteries will change, and the risk of lithium batteries will be higher than that of new batteries. Therefore, we are involved in a lot of problems in this package. China is leading the world in the recycling or reuse of power batteries. But in terms of standards, frankly, China is lagging behind.

We should have seen a report, this year in January, one thing happened in Zurich, Switzerland, when apple 4 s shop inside a repair in the middle of the explosion, one of the technical personnel were injured, the most important is behind the seven people because smoking harmful gases into the hospital, this is not before, so the small apple battery can happen, a big power battery is apple battery of the hundreds of thousands of times, release of harmful substances is quite powerful.

Let's take a look at the battery in risk of a few of the most important, one is instability, after use our battery after a period of time there have been no any problem, but in the middle of the batteries, the battery in the middle of the batteries consistency difference is bigger, can cause fever, used batteries will be greater than the risk of new battery.

The second is the risk of damaged batteries, which includes the potential risk in the process of use, such as the car accident or collision of power batteries, and external thermal interference.

The third is the risk of battery fluid leakage.

The fourth is the risk of high voltage of residual power. We know that even after the discharge of the battery, the middle voltage will have a high voltage of several hundred volts, which is a very big risk to the human body. If the operator mishandles it, it will cause harm.

The fifth is the emission of combustible gas and harmful gas. This is a case we just saw. In fact, internationally, from this year or last year, the emphasis on this part is very strong. But we have seen in the domestic reports, or not enough attention.

We look at the world, the United Nations a rough classification of waste battery, this is the dangerous cargo proposal at the United Nations standard text, this is the United Nations as a constitutional version, this version built later, other countries or international organizations, such as the international maritime organization or is the international civilspecial organization will be based on this to make a draft, a version classification of so it is more important, we can look at it to classify about this from several aspects, with current draft standard in my country there are still a little difference. The first one is batteries that have been used in a performance that can be used for cascade utilization. This part is equivalent to or normal to what we call batteries that meet our UN testing standards. We can use these batteries as cascade utilization standards. The second one is recycling as a resource, and sometimes we'll talk about recycling as a way of disposal, which is actually no longer used, and it's sent directly to a disassembly plant for disassembly. The third aspect is the damaged or defective battery, which is the damage occurred during our use. Then there is the defect, which is a defect in the manufacturing process, or in the battery itself. For example, some time ago, our Samsung Note7 battery was defective. It was not broken. But this battery is the biggest risk because there's a lot of uncertainty in it.

After the three categories, and later added a category, but classified in this category SP376, now added a risk under normal conditions of transport, that is to say the battery, if in normal temperature, atmospheric pressure, the normal risk of transportation and packing case, according to the requirements of the back up, is there some special countries, said they use a coolant or an inert gas as a "welcome to protect, it is mentioned aspects behind us.

We have seen the existing international rules, which roughly refer to the packaging of waste batteries. The following regulations are all about the classification and operation requirements of waste batteries specifically mentioned in the rules section. The first is the United Nations on the international maritime organization released a rules of the international maritime dangerous goods, the second is the economic commission for Europe of freight, international convention on road transportation of dangerous goods is referred to as "ADR, use version is now 2017, 2019 would be announced in the second half of this year, the aforementioned UN MDGS is to provide a standard for two years. The third is that the United States government provides a federal regulation, section 49CFR, which is a rule requirement issued by DOT, the U.S. Department of transportation. The fourth is the dangerous goods freight transport rules issued by Canada, which we call TDRG, and are also revised every year. We see basic requirements on the packaging, this is normal transportation, such as the use of dangerous goods packaging, such as now most of our enterprises with the paper box or a wooden box, such as the basic requirement is to prevent the battery short circuit, and the requirements of the new battery is consistent, and PG2 packaging performance index, which is dangerous former 2 kinds of packaging, this with new battery requirement is higher, there are other requirements for used batteries, the first is the battery packaging strength to withstand rupture or explosion, make sure there are particles, shall not be leaked to the outside of the packaging, or explosion fire can't enlarge to the outside of the packaging. The second one is that we're talking about inner packing or padding or something that's flame retardant, heat resistant, and reduces heat transfer to the outside of the package, and I'm going to stop that from spreading to the outside of the package. In addition, to prevent environmental pollution caused by electrolyte leakage, adsorption materials are used to absorb the leaked electrolyte, and the fourth is to use enough liner materials to reduce vibration in the freight, so as to prevent further damage to the already damaged batteries. The fifth is that the packaging design should consider the gas seal, filtration, emissions of the gas control system. The sixth is that the outer package should clearly show the corresponding cascade label, such as a waste battery involved in recycling or as a damaged or defective battery, which have corresponding regulations.

We look at the United Nations here roughly divided into three categories, the first is the arrangement in the use, we speak in front of the three standards, the first major categories, can timely use of battery, the second is the resources recycling batteries or damage to the defective batteries, the three have the corresponding standard, the content very much, not talking, one probably understand it. Front of damaged, defective battery, at the United Nations or other rules there are special provisions of the corresponding, the first is the type of packaging performance in the MDGS either ADR or Canadian standards, packaging is to use 2 kinds of packaging, but the U.S. government requirements of packaging, and in addition to the United States, another place is prohibited to transport. We need to understand that under normal conditions of transport, we use the transport, prone to disintegration or fire, overheating, leakage, harmful gas or corrosive gas emissions of this kind of battery is prohibited to transport. The other thing we talked about in 2017 is that UNTDG released the 20th edition of the standard, which we call the Orange Book. Here are prone to breakage under the normal conditions of transport, front just talked about, it has added a new clause, increase the content of SP376 terms, has increased a lot of rules, the second is the two new packing instructions, we called P911 and LP906, is second in front of the packaging, now all up for a class of packing, that is to say, more and more strict control. The third is to refine the various technical requirements, this requirement is also very much. The fourth is that this kind of packaging requires the approval of the competent authorities, which means the approval of each country. In the United States, the assistant administrator of the department of transportation for pipeline transportation hazards can sign this thing, but in Europe, it's signed in terms of the ADR or the ADN or the contracting states or other organizations that sign up to this standard, but that standard is actually elevated.

Why today we introduce this kind of standard, the first is the various countries of the world's advanced countries have the standard for this kind of waste battery has a corresponding, in this respect is relatively late in China, we know that all aspects related to the place also in drafting, especially I want to speak a little Chinese for the moment, the ministry of communications has a standard called GT617, don't know if you have concerns, it was created in 2019, is old, now beginning in 2016 the ministry of communications issued notice to abolish the existing standards, setting a new standard, probably will be announced in the first half of this year, This has been discussed four or five times, and each meeting is also a whole version of the meeting, because it has a great impact on the risk assessment, the government formulated a version of the standard is the same for ten years, while the corresponding standards in Europe or the United States, the regulations will be updated every year after the completion of the mechanism is healthier. China has adopted a standard for four or five years and a standard for more than ten years, which is not suitable for China's current development. The ministry of transport of China is going to refer to the 2015 version of ADR. What we are introducing today is the 2017 version. The Chinese version has been translated in Chang 'a university since 2015.

So I know, they are to coordinate the work, but, today we introduce is said China in accordance with the standards of ADR to implement is the trend of The Times, and after finished this standard will rise to national standards, this has been the ministry of railways has said, I believe that the country level will do according to this standard, and this is mandatory, the industry standard of the development of the internal standard cover our industry, we also know this. So we can't just look at our own internal processes in our standards discussions.

We see in addition to these standards, we will also be affected by what in transportation, the first is a waste battery limit of the international convention of international transport, we talked about transportation in front of the basic requirement of the packaging, and not all of the requirements, so there is also a is formulated by international convention, that is to say, the so-called Basel rules, some time ago I have a friend to seek me, Turkey in Europe have very cheap waste batteries, asked me to do? I said, man, you'd better not do this, because you're bound by this treaty, and another thing is that China now bans the import of used batteries. Is if you can't get the corresponding certificate or the importer of the corresponding approval, will be limited, not only is the Chinese mainland, Hong Kong now is strictly forbidden, don't go to the this mix water, unless you don't go to declare, but now the X-ray machine can see a see, because the waste battery is messy, at least the new battery is neatly. Second mean air transport of us, and we know that air transport is broken or the battery is recalled batteries, and contain this kind of equipment batteries, we talked about in front of the Samsung mobile phone 7 is prohibited to transport, or even passengers carry is forbidden, the third aspect is prohibited and other dangerous goods packaging or storage, this aspect is that we speak the international civilspecial organization inside concrete has a detailed file, but I think he will gradually expand to other aspects of the rules, we look at first, the first is to limit our separate UN3480 batteries, lithium-ion batteries United Nations is called a kind of dangerous goods, explosives for packaging, the second is 1.4 class of ammunition, and 2.1 class still gas, there are still three kinds of liquid, there is still solid, or mean reflect the material itself, and solid desensitization explosives 4.1 class, an antioxidant, the evolution of a few classes together packing, or packing is in together, in a tray is also limited.

Another aspect is that we learned that in March this year, last month, there was a meeting in Chicago of the international codes committee, where a case of tinkering was discussed in the international fire code which we call IFC, and this is being done in the United States, and other countries are currently looking at it. I don't know if China is also doing, but a trend is said to this kind of waste battery or the battery storage, before the requirements are not so high, now requirements gradually increase, now increases the four chapters, we call this 315.8.3 and 315.8.4, here all of my battery is not burning to package, our original packaging is carton and wood packaging has been curbed, the second is 315.8 and 315.4 I classification and recycling batteries inside usable floor area to achieve five thousand to seven thousand feet, the foot area, reaction is very strong, Because all, see the United States is reported from three thousand to five thousand collected points, words can't proceed according to the table, controversial, this trend will slowly, we know the demand for lithium battery is much higher than the international, our home is one hundred gas release, they are three hundred gas saving, and America will be the demand for fire, I'm sure it will affect the global slowly.

We make a brief introduction of our company, our company is doing the lithium battery professional logistics, because we have been doing international logistics, to do a lot of research on the international regulations, we see a lot of recycling, we also introduced the international rules, we also hope to share with everyone with international rules, national standards in the future there will be relatively certain help, I spoke about this, thank you.

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