How to make a battery yourself

I don't know what battery you want to do, cell phone battery, calculator battery, or flashlight battery. These batteries are not easy to make, especially if you want to charge batteries, there are certain requirements for materials and equipment.

If you want to make a simple battery, you can do it in the following ways:

Ingredients: a bottle with a stopper (preferably with a wooden stopper), a copper strip, a zinc sheet, a bottle of dilute acid (can be replaced by an electrolyte of a car battery, the electrolyte can be in the auto parts store / Or buy it in the store where the battery is sold)

method:

Drill two holes in the stopper of the bottle, one also inserts the copper strip, as long as the exposed strip of the copper strip is shortly connected for easy connection. The other hole can be inserted into the zinc sheet, or the zinc name can be placed in the bottle as long as a small strip is left through the stopper to facilitate the connection.

Introduce the electrolyte of the dilute acid or battery into the bottle and close the stopper. The liquid level of the dilute acid is preferably soaked to most of the copper strip and the zinc sheet at the same time. Also pay attention to the seal of the stopper, do not let the sulfuric acid leak out.

The two-pole connecting device that connects the copper strip and the zinc sheet as a battery will have electricity. It is also possible to measure two wires connected to a voltmeter or a multimeter.

This is the simple battery approach. Because the battery is made in a bottle and can generate electricity, this is the origin of the "battery".

The electrolyte is prepared with concentrated sulfuric acid and purified water with a density of 1.84.

Be careful. Sulfuric acid is a strong oxidant. It has an affinity with water. When it is dissolved in water, it releases a lot of heat. Therefore, operators should wear goggles, acid-resistant gloves, rubber shoes or boots, and surround the rubber apron. Professional point of safety.

Before preparation, the container should be cleaned and the acid solution splashed on the skin. Prepare 5% ammonium hydroxide or sodium carbonate solution and some water to prevent the acid solution from splashing. The solution is scrubbed and rinsed with water.

When selecting the electrolyte concentration, consider the operating ambient temperature of the battery. Working at cold temperatures, the electrolyte concentration should be high - point, in hot temperatures, the electrolyte concentration can be lower.

In general, the density is 1.28 at 25 ° C (electrolyte temperature), and can be calculated as follows at other temperatures:

Da=Dt+0.0007(t-25)

Wherein Da is a density at 25 ° C; Dt is a density at an actual temperature; and t is the temperature of the electrolyte at the time of measurement.

When preparing, first estimate the required amount of concentrated sulfuric acid and water, pour the water into the container first, then slowly pour concentrated sulfuric acid into the water and continuously stir the solution.

The temperature of the newly prepared solution is very high, so it can't be injected into the battery immediately. If the temperature drops below 40 °C, measure the solution concentration and adjust it to the standard value before adding it to the battery.

First of all, first of all, you need a 12v charger circuit diagram, Dad said that if you have a picture, you can do it clearly. According to the drawings, you can clear your mind and make it easy and convenient.

Homemade 12v battery charger

2. To prepare the required materials, firstly, one AC transformer with output AC 12V5-15A, one 6-10A high power rectifier diode, one 25V2200uf capacitor tube, one low voltage power supply control switch and one 220V power plug. Insulating tape 1 roll. In addition, it is required to have a diameter larger than the diameter of the high-power rectifier diode 0.3cm30-50cm rubber hose (water leakage type, rectifier diode cooling), 1 plastic empty bottle (for rectifier diode cooling)

Homemade 12v battery charger

END

Method / Step 2

Connect the 220V power plug and the transformer input end with wires, and wrap the connector with insulating tape. Because the AC power supply has no positive and negative poles, the input end is connected casually, but the input end and the output end must not be mistaken. The input and output on the transformer must be clearly seen.

Homemade 12v battery charger

Connect the ends of the rectifier diodes with the same length of wire, but the total length should exceed the length of the 30-50cm rubber hose, and then one end passes through the 30-50cm rubber hose, so that the rectifier diode is in the middle of the rubber hose. .

Homemade 12v battery charger

Connect one wire of the transformer 12V output terminal and the positive (or negative) terminal of the rectifier diode with wires and wrap the connector with insulating tape.

Homemade 12v battery charger

Connect the other line of the output of the transformer 12V to the positive (or negative) end of the capacitor tube. The negative (or positive) terminal and the negative (or positive) terminal of the rectifier diode are connected by wires, and the connector is wrapped with insulating tape.

Homemade 12v battery charger

Then connect the positive and negative ends of the capacitor tube to the wire (lead wire, that is, the wire at both ends of the battery), connect the low-voltage power control switch to the positive terminal and connect the wire to the negative terminal, and wrap the connector with insulating tape. Just fine.

The electrolyte used in the lead-acid battery (LEAD-ACIDBATTERY) is the sulfuric acid solution with the highest hydrogen ion concentration. At this time, the specific gravity of the sulfuric acid solution is about 1.3g/cm^3. Whether it is maintenance-free or traditional battery It is this solution. (The maintenance-free only replaces the original separator with asbestos material filled with sulfuric acid, so that the active material does not fall off easily and the service life is prolonged.)

The plate is a mesh structure made of lead on which a chemically reactive active substance is applied.

Among them: the active material of the positive electrode plate is lead dioxide powder, which looks a bit brownish when fully charged.

The active material of the negative electrode plate is a spongy lead powder, which is gray of metallic lead after being fully charged.

The secondary plates are grayish white when the battery is discharged.

During discharge: the cathode plate is converted to lead sulfate by lead dioxide, and the hydrogen ions in the acid are converted into water by electrons.

The negative electrode lead powder is also converted to lead sulfate, and the sulfate loses electrons to generate electrons at the negative electrode.

The electrons generate current in the outer loop.

When charging: In contrast to the above process, lead sulfate is converted to lead dioxide and pure lead with different energy states.

This is the principle of a lead-acid battery. To make it, you only need to buy the above materials and it will be OK. I think you only need to know about it. If you need it, it is best to buy it!

Introduce the background of the battery invention:

The lead-acid battery was invented as early as the Second World War. At that time, thespecial relied on the battery to sneak. After the surface was raised, the diesel engine was used to generate electricity to charge the battery. Under water, you can only sail on batteries.

The early battery works exactly the same as the current production, but now the cheaper life is longer.

The page contains the contents of the machine translation.