What is the difference between a lithium-ion battery and a lithium battery?

The most intuitive difference:

Lithium battery: primary battery (can only be discharged).

Lithium-ion battery: secondary battery (chargeable and dischargeable).

This difference, specifically to the battery reaction:

Lithium battery: Lithium directly participates in the reaction and irreversible reaction.

Lithium-ion battery: Lithium ions participate in the reaction and reversibly react.

More specific points:

Common lithium battery, manganese dioxide (MnO2) as cathode material, lithium metal (Li) as anode material, battery discharge reaction: Li+MnO2=LiMnO2

This reaction is irreversible in the battery, so it can only be discharged. The lithium battery is a disposable battery.

A common lithium ion battery, a lithium alloy metal oxide (such as LiCoO2) is used as a positive electrode material, and graphite (C) is used as a negative electrode material.

When charging a lithium-ion battery, the total reaction is LiCoO2+6C=Li(1-x)CoO2+LixC6

The reaction occurring on the positive electrode: LiCoO2=Li(1-x)CoO2+x(Li+)+x(e-), Li+ is a lithium ion, e- is an electron, and x is a molar amount thereof.

Reaction occurring on the negative electrode: 6C+x(Li+)+x(e-)=LixC6

Rechargeable battery total reaction: LiCoO2+6C=Li(1-x)CoO2+LixC6

Positive electrode

When the lithium ion battery is discharged: the total reaction is Li(1-x)CoO2+LixC6=LiCoO2+6C, which is the reverse reaction of the charging reaction.

The corresponding reaction on the positive and negative electrodes is also the reverse reaction of the charging reaction.

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