What is the main raw material for lead-acid batteries?

A lead-acid battery (VRLA) is a battery whose electrodes are mainly made of lead and its oxide, and the electrolyte is a sulfuric acid solution. When the lead-acid battery is discharged, the main component of the positive electrode is lead dioxide, and the main component of the negative electrode is lead. In the charged state, the main component of the positive electrode and the negative electrode is lead sulfate. The lead-lead battery is rated at 2.0V and can be discharged to 1.5V and can be charged to 2.4V. In applications, six single-cell lead-acid batteries are typically used in series to form a 12V lead-acid battery. There are also 24V, 36V, 48V and so on.

Commonly used rechargeable batteries In addition to lithium batteries, lead batteries are also a very important battery system. The advantage of a lead storage battery is that the electromotive force is relatively stable during discharge, and has the disadvantage that it is less than energy (electric energy stored per unit weight) and highly corrosive to the environment. Lead storage batteries have a wide operating voltage, a wide range of operating temperatures and currents, hundreds of charge and discharge cycles, good storage performance (especially for dry charge storage), and low cost.

Lead-acid batteries: their volume and weight have not been effectively improved, so they are most commonly used in cars and motorcycles. The biggest improvement in lead-acid batteries is the recent use of high-efficiency oxygen compounding technology to accomplish water regeneration, achieving the goal of completely sealing without adding water. “Free Waterless Battery” can be used up to 4 years (single) plate voltage 2V).

Since its invention in 1859, lead-acid batteries have been around for more than 150 years and are very mature. It is the most widely used chemical energy source in the world. Although new batteries such as nickel-cadmium batteries, nickel-hydrogen batteries, and lithium-ion batteries have been introduced and applied in recent years, lead-acid batteries still have high discharge performance, stable voltage characteristics, wide temperature range, and large single cells battery capacity. High security, rich raw materials, renewable, low price, etc., occupy a strong position in most traditional fields and some emerging applications.

The composition of the lead storage battery: plate, separator, outer casing, electrolyte, lead connecting strip, pole and so on.

Positive and negative plates

Classification and composition: The plates are divided into two types: a positive plate and a negative plate, both consisting of a grid and an active material filled thereon.

Lead battery schematic

Lead battery schematic

Function: During the charging and discharging process of the battery, the active material on the power board reacts with the sulfuric acid in the electrolyte to realize the mutual conversion of electric energy and chemical energy.

Color difference: the active material on the positive electrode plate is lead dioxide (PbO2), which is dark brown; the active material on the negative electrode plate is spongy pure lead (Pb), which is blue-gray.

The role of the grid: containing active materials and shaping the sheet.

Plate set: In order to increase the capacity of the battery, a plurality of positive plates and negative plates are respectively connected in parallel to form a positive plate group and a negative plate group.

Special requirements for installation: During the installation process, the positive and negative plates are mounted to each other and the separator is inserted in the middle. In each unit cell, the number of negative plates is always one more than the number of positive plates.

2. Partition

Function: In order to reduce the internal resistance and size of the battery, the positive and negative plates in the battery should be as close as possible; in order to avoid short-circuit contact with each other, the positive and negative plates should be separated by a partition.

Material requirements: The separator material should have porosity and permeability, and the chemical properties should be stable, that is, it has good acid resistance and oxidation resistance.

Materials: Common separator materials are wooden partitions, microporous rubber, microporous plastic, fiberglass and cardboard.

Installation requirements: When installing, the groove side of the partition should face the positive plate.

3. Case

Role: for holding electrolytes and plate sets

Material: Made of materials resistant to acid, heat, impact, insulation and mechanical properties.

Structural features: The outer casing is a one-piece structure. The inside of the outer casing is divided into three or six non-intersecting single compartments by partition walls, and the bottom has protruding ribs for placing the outer casing.

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