What is the cell phone battery made of?

The mobile phone battery uses a lithium battery, which is a type of battery that uses a lithium metal or a lithium alloy as a negative electrode material and uses a nonaqueous electrolyte solution.

Lithium batteries can be roughly divided into two categories: lithium metal batteries and lithium ion batteries. Lithium-ion batteries do not contain metallic lithium and are rechargeable. The fifth-generation lithium-metal battery of rechargeable batteries was born in 1996, and its safety, specific capacity, self-discharge rate and performance price ratio are better than lithium-ion batteries.

1. Dry battery (a commonly used one is carbon-zinc dry battery): The negative electrode is a cylinder made of zinc, which contains ammonium chloride as an electrolyte, a small amount of zinc chloride, an inert filler and a paste-like electrolyte prepared by water. The positive electrode is surrounded by A carbon rod wrapped with a paste electrolyte doped with manganese dioxide. The electrode reaction is: the zinc atom at the negative electrode becomes zinc ion (Zn++), and electrons are released, and the ammonium ion (NH4+) at the positive electrode obtains electrons to become ammonia gas and hydrogen gas. The hydrogen dioxide is used to drive off the hydrogen to eliminate the polarization. The electromotive force is about 1.5 volts.

2. Lead storage batteries are most commonly used. The plates are made of lead alloy and the electrolyte is dilute sulfuric acid. Both plates are covered with lead sulfate. However, after charging, the lead sulfate on the positive electrode plate is converted into lead dioxide, and the lead sulfate at the negative electrode is converted into metal lead. When discharging, a chemical reaction in the opposite direction occurs.

3. Lead-crystal battery: The lead-crystal battery is a proprietary technology. The high-conductive silicate electrolyte used is a complex modification of the traditional lead-acid battery electrolyte. The acid-free internalization process is an innovation of the shaping process.

4, iron nickel battery: also called Edison battery. The lead storage battery is an acidic storage battery. In contrast, the electrolyte of the iron-nickel storage battery is an alkaline potassium hydroxide solution, which is an alkaline storage battery. The positive electrode is nickel oxide and the negative electrode is iron. The electromotive force is about 1.3 to 1.4 volts. Its advantages are light weight, long life and easy maintenance. The disadvantage is that the efficiency is not high.

5. Nickel-cadmium storage battery: the positive electrode is nickel hydroxide, the negative electrode is cadmium, and the electrolyte is potassium hydroxide solution.

6. Silver-zinc battery: the positive electrode is silver oxide, the negative electrode is zinc, and the electrolyte is potassium hydroxide solution.

7. Fuel cell: The fuel cell is composed of four parts: a fuel (such as hydrogen, methane, etc.), an oxidant (such as oxygen and air), an electrode, and an electrolyte.

8. Solar cell: A device that converts the energy of sunlight into electrical energy.

9. Nuclear battery: A device that directly convertsspecial energy into electrical energy (currentspecial power generation devices usespecial fission energy to heat steam to drive generators to generate electricity, andspecial energy released duringspecial fission cannot be directly converted into electrical energy).

10. Alkaline battery: Alkaline battery is the most successful high-capacity dry battery, and it is also one of the most cost-effective batteries. The alkaline battery is manganese dioxide as the positive electrode, zinc as the negative electrode, and potassium hydroxide as the electrolyte.

11. Lithium battery: A battery with lithium as the negative electrode. According to the electrolyte used, it is divided into: A: high temperature molten salt lithium battery; B: organic electrolyte lithium battery; C: inorganic nonaqueous electrolyte lithium battery; D: solid lithium battery electrolyte lithium battery; E: lithium water battery. The advantage of the lithium battery is that the single battery has high voltage, large specific energy, long storage life (up to 10 years), high and low temperature performance, and can be used at -40 to 150 °C.

Battery means a space in a cup, tank or other container or composite container containing an electrolyte solution and a metal electrode to generate electrical current, a device capable of converting chemical energy into electrical energy. It has a positive electrode and a negative electrode. As technology advances, batteries are broadly referred to as small devices that generate electrical energy such as solar cells. The performance parameters of the battery mainly include electromotive force, capacity, specific energy and resistance. By using the battery as an energy source, it is possible to obtain a current having a stable voltage, a stable current, a stable power supply for a long time, and little influence from the outside, and the battery has a simple structure, is convenient to carry, and is easy to operate in charge and discharge, and is free from external climate and temperature. The impact, stable and reliable performance plays a big role in all aspects of modern social life.

In 1746, Mason Brock of the University of Leiden in the Netherlands invented the "Leyden Bottle" for collecting electric charge. Because he saw that the electricity that was hard to collect was easily disappeared in the air, he wanted to find a way to save electricity. One day, he hung in the air with a barrel, connected with a motor and a barrel, and a copper wire was taken from the barrel and immersed in a glass bottle filled with water. He gave an assistant a Holding the glass bottle in hand, Mason Brock swayed the motor from the side. At this time his assistant accidentally touched the other hand with the barrel. He suddenly felt a strong electric shock and shouted. Mason Brock then exchanged with the assistant, letting the assistant shake the motor. He took the water bottle in one hand and the gun in the other.

In 1780, the Italian anatomist Luigi Galvani, while doing frog anatomy, held different metal instruments in both hands, accidentally touching the frog's thighs at the same time. The muscles of the frog's legs immediately twitched as if they were subjected to the stimulation of the current, and if only a metal device is used to touch the frog, there is no such reaction. Galvani believes that this phenomenon occurs because of a kind of electricity generated inside the animal's body, which he calls "bio-electricity."

The discovery of Galvani has aroused great interest among physicists who are competing to repeat the experiment of sputum in an attempt to find a way to generate electricity. The Italian physicist Volt said after several experiments: The Galvani term "bioelectricity" is not correct. The reason why the muscles of the frog can produce electricity is probably that some kind of liquid in the muscle is working. To demonstrate his point of view, Volt immersed two different metal sheets in various solutions for testing. As a result, it was found that as long as one of the two metal sheets chemically reacted with the solution, current could be generated between the metal sheets.

In 1799, the Italian physicist Volt dipped a zinc plate and a tin plate in salt water and found that a current was passed through the wires connecting the two metals. Therefore, he put a lot of fluffed cloth or paper sheets soaked in salt water between the zinc sheets and the silver sheets. When you touch both ends by hand, you will feel strong current stimulation. In this way, Volt succeeded in making the world's first battery, the "Volt Stack." This "volt stack" is actually a battery pack in series. It became an early electrical experiment, a source of electricity for telegraph machines.

In 1836, Daniel of the United Kingdom improved the "Volt Stack". He used dilute sulfuric acid as the electrolyte to solve the problem of battery polarization, and produced the first zinc-copper battery that was not polarized and could maintain a balanced current. Since then, these batteries have a problem that the voltage decreases with the use of time.

When the voltage drops after the battery is used for a period of time, it can be given a reverse current to make the battery voltage rise. Because this battery can be recharged, it can be used repeatedly, so it is called "battery".

Also in 1860, France's George Leclanche also invented the predecessor of the world's widely used battery (carbon zinc battery). Its negative electrode is an alloy rod of zinc and mercury (the negative electrode of a zinc-volt prototype battery, which proves to be one of the best metals for the negative electrode material), and its positive electrode is a porous

Battery invented by Lakeland

The cup contains a mixture of ground manganese dioxide and carbon. A carbon rod was inserted into the mixture as a current collector. Both the negative electrode rod and the positive electrode cup were immersed in an ammonium chloride solution as an electrolytic solution. This system is called a "wet battery." The battery made by Lakeland was simple but cheap, so it was not until 1880 that the "dry battery" was replaced. The negative electrode is modified into a zinc can (ie, the outer casing of the battery), and the electrolyte becomes a paste rather than a liquid, which is basically the carbon zinc battery that we now know.

In 1887, the Englishman Hellerson invented the earliest dry battery. The electrolyte of the dry battery is paste-like, does not leak, and is easy to carry, and thus has been widely used.

In 1890, Thomas Edison invented a rechargeable iron-nickel battery.

Dry cell

The dry battery is also called a manganese-zinc battery. The so-called dry battery is relative to a voltaic battery. Manganese zinc is the raw material for other materials such as silver oxide batteries, nickel cadmium batteries. The voltage of the manganese-zinc battery is 15V. Dry batteries consume chemical raw materials to generate electricity. Its voltage is not high, and the continuous current that can be generated cannot exceed 1 amp.

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