How to correctly distinguish between lead-acid batteries and lithium batteries

1. Rechargeable batteries (alkaline batteries-lead-acid batteries)

Mass, volume

In general, lead-acid batteries weigh 16-30 kg and are larger in size; The weight of lithium batteries is generally 2.5-3 .0 kilograms, and the volume is relatively small. Therefore, riding is light and easy to handle. In terms of quality, it is difficult to define the quality of the two, but consumers can purchase good quality batteries produced by formal manufacturers according to their actual needs.

Battery capacity

The capacity of lithium batteries is generally 8-10 A; Lead acid battery capacity is about 20 A.

Drive for kilometers.

For example, for batteries that are also 48V, both lithium-ion and lead-acid batteries are capable of being operated for 30-40 km in the case of full power, and their speed depends mainly on the size of the motor used.

Durability aspects

Lithium batteries have strong durability, slow consumption, charge and discharge more than 500 times, and have no memory. The general life span is 4-5 years. Lead acid batteries are generally within 400 deep discharge, memory, life span of about two years. If a maintenance-free lead-acid battery is used, it should be noted that its battery lacks water and it is generally not necessary to add distilled water during use. In terms of durability, lithium batteries have good vibration resistance, and batteries in full charging state are safely fixed. They vibrate at an amplitude of 4mm, a frequency of 16.7 Hz for 1 hour, no leakage, no battery expansion and rupture, and open circuit voltage is normal; Good charging resistance, 25 degrees Celsius, fully charged battery 0.1 CA for 48 hours, no leakage, no battery expansion and rupture, normal open circuit voltage, capacity maintenance rate of more than 95 %; The large current resistance is good, and the battery in the fully charged state has a 2CA discharge of 5 minutes or a 10CA discharge of 5 seconds. There is no conductive part to fuse and no appearance deformation.

Price, warranty

The current mainstream battery in the market is 48 volts. If it needs to be replaced, the lead-acid battery is about 450 and the warranty period is 1 year; Lithium batteries are relatively expensive and require about 1,000 yuan, but their warranty period is 2 years.

Price, warranty

The current mainstream battery in the market is 48 volts. If it needs to be replaced, the lead-acid battery is about 450 and the warranty period is 1 year; Lithium batteries are relatively expensive and require about 1,000 yuan, but their warranty period is 2 years.

Environmental aspects

In 2012, the state promulgated the "Conditions for the Admission of Lead storage battery Industry". Since then, the lead-acid industry has been reorganized. Most manufacturers have adopted internalized green production of cadmium free arsenic, which is more energy-efficient and environmentally friendly. Only in the recycling process. (b) May cause pollution if the method is not appropriate; Lithium batteries are relatively green in production and recycling.

Among them, the number of lead-acid batteries is the largest. Lead acid batteries are the least expensive and most commonly used. China is the largest producer of lead acid batteries in the world. It contains less contaminated ingredients and has good recyclability. The disadvantage is that it is smaller. In other words, at the same capacity, the battery is heavy and large. The current lead-acid battery is basically developed from a floating type of battery. Floating rechargeable batteries are not suitable for fast charging and large current discharge. Although the technicians have spent a lot of hard work to make effective improvements, they can be used for practical purposes, but their life span is still very unsatisfactory.

The colloidal battery belongs to a kind of development classification of lead-acid battery. The simplest way is to add a coagulant in sulfuric acid to make the sulfuric acid liquid into a colloidal state. Electrolytic, colloidal batteries are often referred to as colloidal batteries. Broadly speaking, the difference between a colloidal battery and a conventional lead-acid battery is not just that the liquid is changed to a gelatinous shape.

For example, non-coagulated aqueous colloids belong to the same colloidal battery from the electrochemical classification structure and characteristics. Another example is the polymer material attached to the grid, commonly known as the ceramic grid, which can also be regarded as an application feature of colloidal batteries. Recently, laboratories have added a targeted coupling agent to the polar plate formula, which has greatly improved the reaction utilization rate of polar plate active substances. According to non-public data, it can reach a weight-to-energy level of 70 WH / kg. These are examples of current industrial practices and applications of colloidal batteries to be industrialized.

The difference between colloidal batteries and conventional lead-acid batteries has been further developed from the initial understanding of electrolyte cementation to the study of electrochemical properties of electrolyte infrastructure and its application in grid and active substances. Its most important feature is that it uses a relatively small industrial cost to produce better batteries along the 150-year-old lead-acid battery industry, with a straight discharge curve and a high inflection point. Compared with energy, especially power, it is more than 20 % larger than conventional lead-acid batteries, and its life span is generally about twice that of conventional lead-acid batteries. The characteristics of high temperature and low temperature are much better.

Lithium-ion batteries

Lithium-ion batteries are better than nickel-metal hydride batteries. For lead-acid batteries of the same capacity, lithium-ion batteries weigh as much as a laptop, so that old women and children can use them. Its life span can also be better than nickel-metal hydride batteries. The current cell phone batteries are basically using this type of battery. The internal resistance of the lithium battery is relatively large. When the battery is about to be completely discharged when used on an electric bicycle, the car's power is not enough. The more important problem with lithium-ion batteries is that the batteries will explode during overcharging and over-discharge. The cell phone batteries are all monolithic batteries used. After good protection circuits are used, the battery explosion problem is basically eliminated. In the use of electric bicycles, it is necessary to use serial batteries, and the protection circuit of serial batteries is far more complex than the protection circuit of individual cells, and the material cost is also greatly increased. At present, the cost of a good lithium battery protection circuit is close to the price of the battery itself. Polymer lithium batteries have less explosive damage than lithium ion batteries, but there is also the possibility of explosion and combustion. This is as much a problem as a lithium-ion battery.

Report

Lithium batteries and lead-acid batteries are mainly electrode materials and electrolytes.

Lead acid battery (VRLA) is an electrode made mainly of lead and its oxides. The electrolyte is a battery of sulfuric acid solution. Under the discharge state of lead-acid battery, the positive electrode is mainly composed of lead dioxide, and the main component of the negative electrode is lead; In the charging state, the main components of the positive and negative poles are lead sulfate.

Lithium metal batteries generally use manganese dioxide as a positive electrode material, lithium metal or its alloy metal as a negative electrode material, and batteries using non-aqueous electrolyte solutions.

Lithium-ion batteries generally use lithium alloy metal oxides as positive electrode materials, graphite as negative electrode materials, and batteries using non-aqueous electrolytes.

The page contains the contents of the machine translation.