Lead-acid battery knowledge detailed solution Lead-acid battery electrolyte preparation method

The electrolyte of the lead-acid battery is a dilute sulfuric acid solution, which is prepared by adding concentrated sulfuric acid with water. The quality of the electrolyte has a great influence on the service life, capacity, etc. of the battery, so it is necessary to master the correct preparation method. The electrolyte of lead-acid batteries must use the special sulfuric acid of the battery, which should be clear, transparent, colorless and odorless; the content of iron, arsenic, manganese, chlorine and nitride should not exceed the standard (partition "HGBl008-59"). The water used to prepare the electrolyte is pure water, distilled water or pure drinking water (no mineral water or well water).

When preparing the electrolyte of a lead-acid battery, pay attention to its concentration and viscosity. Different types of batteries have different requirements on electrolyte concentration. To consider the battery power supply characteristics, battery structure, working environment, etc., the following situations must be considered:

1. The mobile working battery should adapt to the field work, prevent freezing, and have some limitations on volume and quality. A large amount of electrolyte is not allowed. To ensure adequate capacity, a higher concentration of electrolyte is required. There is not much restriction on the volume and quality of the battery for fixed work. Generally used indoors.

2. Within a certain range, the greater the concentration of the electrolyte, the greater the concentration of sulfuric acid in the active material of the plate. The utilization rate of the active material is high and the capacity is also increased. However, the electrolyte concentration is too high, the solution resistance is increased, the viscosity is also increased, the permeation rate is low, and the self-discharge is accelerated, and the battery capacity is decreased. If the electrolyte concentration is too high, the corrosion of the separator will be accelerated accordingly, which will shorten the service life of the battery.

3. When selecting the electrolyte concentration, also consider the working environment temperature of the battery. When working at cold temperatures, the electrolyte concentration should be higher, and in hot temperatures, the electrolyte concentration can be lower.

In general, at 25 ° C (electrolyte temperature), the electrolyte density is 1.28, at other temperatures can be calculated as follows:

Da=Dt+0.0007(t-25) where Da is 25%: density at the time; Dt is the density at the actual temperature; and t is the temperature of the electrolyte at the time of measurement.

The electrolyte was prepared using concentrated sulfuric acid and purified water at a density of 1.84. Sulfuric acid is a strong oxidant. It has an affinity with water. When it is dissolved in water, it releases a lot of heat. Therefore, operators should wear goggles, acid-resistant gloves, rubber shoes or boots to surround the rubber apron. For containers containing electrolytes, it is necessary to use acid-resistant, temperature-resistant plastics, glass, ceramics, lead and other utensils.

Before preparation, the container should be cleaned and the acid solution splashed on the skin. Prepare 5% ammonium hydroxide or sodium carbonate solution and some water to prevent the acid from splashing. It can be quickly scrubbed with the solution and rinsed with water.

When preparing, first estimate the amount of concentrated sulfuric acid and water, pour the water into the container first then slowly pour concentrated sulfuric acid into the water. And constantly stir the solution.

The temperature of the newly prepared solution is very high, so it can't be injected into the battery immediately. Wait until the temperature drops below 40 °C. Then measure the solution concentration and adjust it to the standard value before adding it to the battery.

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