The new way out for old electric vehicles The power battery welcomes the opportunity of "re-employment"

By the end of 2017, the number of new energy vehicles in China has reached 1.8 million, and those who entered the market early in the year also ushered in the retirement period. When consumers are still worried about the high-frequency elimination rate of electric vehicles, the Ministry of Industry and Information and other departments jointly issued a notice on the recycling of power batteries. In addition to building a recycling system, we must also explore a stable business model. This decision shows that in the future, the old electric cars in your hands will no longer only be eliminated, and the power battery will usher in "re-employment."

1. As of the end of 2017, the national new energy vehicle ownership of 1.8 million vehicles with power battery assembly 86.9GWh;

2. The power battery will enter the stage of large-scale decommissioning in 2018. By 2020, the total decommissioning will exceed 21GWh (230,000 tons).

Power battery annual decommissioning forecast (unit: Gwh) Source: China Battery Alliance

Electric vehicles have appeared in our daily life. In the early days, taxis, buses, and special vehicles were the main ones. Since 2015, electric vehicles that have been used personally have gradually appeared on the road. Therefore, from 2013 to 2016, the power batteries were powered by new energy buses. lithium iron phosphate battery is the main type, and the short-term decommissioning power battery will also be distributed in the new energy passenger car lithium iron phosphate battery. With the rapid development of the new energy passenger vehicle market, most of the new energy passenger vehicles have been equipped with ternary lithium batteries since 2016. Therefore, the aging of ternary material power batteries will increase significantly after 2020. And usher in a real retirement peak.

In the face of such a large amount of elimination, how to deal with and how to implement the standard will be a problem that must be faced. The way of recycling power batteries is mainly the use of ladders and dismantling and recycling. Cascade utilization is the use of waste batteries after screening and reorganization, and continue to be used in household energy storage, communication base stations, electric motorcycles, and other lower requirements; and dismantling and recycling is to dismantle the exhausted power batteries and extract nickel from them. A metal substance such as cobalt lithium is recycled as a raw material.

Policy and legal protection

When China becomes the world's largest consumer market for new energy vehicles, large-scale battery recycling systems should be gradually built, but given the problems of battery recycling technology and cost investment, many battery manufacturers and car manufacturers are discouraged. Although the country has issued relevant guidelines for technical standardization, management standardization, and rationalization of recovery of power batteries since 2016, there are no strict implementation standards and mandatory for recycling, so the process of recycling and reuse still lacks legal guidance.

However, on April 2 this year, Shenzhen City took the lead in releasing the recycling plan for new energy power batteries. In addition to establishing a battery ladder utilization industrial system, it was clearly stated for the first time that enterprises that sell new energy vehicles should perform power battery recycling according to regulations. Provide subsidy funds. With the incentive mechanism of subsidies, the recovery of power batteries will also greatly promote the role.

Huge market gains

Of course, the market benefits of power battery recycling cannot be ignored. According to the power battery recycling cost calculated by the China Battery Alliance, the current recycling price of the waste ternary battery is about 40,000 yuan/ton, and the recovery price of lithium iron phosphate battery is about 14,000 yuan/ton. The recovery revenue of lithium iron phosphate battery is difficult to cover its recycling cost, so lithium iron phosphate battery is more suitable for the use of the ladder. The recycling of ternary material batteries has a gross profit margin of 10%-20%. If the retired battery reaches 230,000 tons by 2020, even if the ternary material battery only accounts for half of the total, then the profit is not estimated. of.

With the government's legal norms, coupled with the benefits of recycling subsidies and recycling, the power battery recycling system can not only get on the right track but also bring greater benefits to car manufacturers and battery manufacturers.

Technical threshold

At present, some domestic battery manufacturers and car companies have mastered the technology of power battery recycling, but for such large-scale, cross-brand battery recycling and dismantling, it is still unable to achieve rapid recycling in a short period of time. First of all, different types of battery design and manufacturing processes are different, coupled with the use of time, environment and other differences after loading into the body, will naturally affect the battery loss, when the battery recycling ladder is used, it is difficult to ensure the battery Safety and cell consistency. The battery problems encountered during the Dismantling process of precious metal extraction, how to handle the electrolyte, etc., have higher technical threshold requirements.

Consumer lack of enthusiasm

Of course, in addition to relying on the state and enterprises, the battery recycling of new energy vehicles should also respond positively to consumers. According to a survey of car owners in our E-Electric Garden, they have a relatively negative attitude regarding the recycling of power batteries. They believe that in the future, battery recycling will result in sales patterns such as car-electricity separation, power exchange, and battery rental. If this model increases the cost of car purchase, it will definitely refuse. Secondly, whether it is power exchange, battery rental or battery upgrade plan, it is bound to be There is a certain cost, but according to the current situation, there is no reasonable recycling standard for the power battery. If they spend so much money if they switch to an unqualified battery, who is responsible? If they participate in battery recycling as required, there is no extra. The reward system (battery depreciation expense, maintenance gift, car discount, etc.), unless it is mandatory, is also a time-consuming and laborious thing.

Although the recycling of power batteries faces many obstacles, as the main body of recycling, major car companies are also doing their best to develop ways to recycle batteries and ensure effective management.

Domestic car enterprises: power exchange, car power separation mode to achieve effective battery management, upgrade

Although domestic new energy vehicle companies do not have a clear battery recycling service project, the related models are gradually introduced to the market. For example, the exchange power station established by BAIC New Energy and the car-electric separation mode of Weilai Automobile are all for detecting, maintaining and upgrading the electric vehicle battery, facilitating real-time monitoring and effectively managing the battery.

Foreign car companies: battery replacement to promote recycling

Foreign car companies, such as Nissan, have adopted a preferential replacement policy for battery recycling. In Japan, the windmill owner purchased 23kWh, 30kWh, and 40kWh power batteries, and the price paid was 650,000 yen (about 38,000 yuan), 800,000 yen (about 47,000 yuan), and 820,000 yen. About 48,000 RMB). If you feel expensive, you can also purchase a reassembled regenerative battery at a price of about half of the new battery, which costs about 300,000 yen (about 18,000 yuan).

Summary: At present, in order to guide and promote the recycling of power batteries, local governments take the lead in formulating recycling programs and incentive mechanisms. With policy-driven, car companies and battery manufacturers have implementation basis in the implementation process, and for consumption. If you can provide the same incentive system, the owner will have the awareness of battery recycling when buying a car. In the field of power battery recycling, a complete channel from car to car, to use and recycling can be formed. Sharing, then this will be the most convenient and environmentally friendly way to recycle power batteries.

The page contains the contents of the machine translation.