What are the common terms for lithium batteries?

Combining the history of domestic and foreign countries and the current habits of using words, this paper summarizes and sorts out the definitions, terms and nouns commonly used in research and development of lithium batteries, and some of them are easy to cause ambiguity. Relevant documents have been submitted to the National Standardization Technical Committee for Alkaline storage battery in the Electronic Industry Information Standard of the Ministry of Industry and Information Technology of the People's Republic of China. This article is a draft, informally published text, the labeling part will not appear in the officially released document, please refer to the official release texts, this article is for reference only.

1 Scope

The standard specifies general terms for lithium batteries, including terms related to lithium primary batteries and lithium batteries. The terms specified in GB/T2900.41-2008 and this standard applies to lithium batteries (referred to as "batteries"). When the two are inconsistent, this standard shall prevail.

2. Description

The following documents are indispensable for the application of this document. For dated references, only the dated version applies to this document. For undated references, the latest edition (including all amendments) applies to this document.

GB/T2900.41—2008 Electrical terminology original battery and battery

3. Terms and definitions

3.1 basic concepts

3.1.1 Lithium primary battery (lithium primary battery)

Also known as a primary lithium battery, the negative electrode is lithium, and is designed as a non-rechargeable battery, including monomer lithium primary battery and lithium primary battery.

3.1.2 Lithium battery (regeable lithium battery)

Lithium-ion batteries and lithium-metal batteries are collectively referred to as lithium batteries (also known as rechargeable lithium batteries, secondary lithium batteries).

3.1.3 Lithium ion battery (lithium ion battery)

A lithium ion is used as a conductive ion to move between a positive electrode and a negative electrode, and a battery that is charged and discharged by mutual conversion of chemical energy and electric energy, includes single-cell lithium-ion batteries and lithium-ion battery packs.

3.1.4 Single lithium ion battery (lithium ion cell)

The basic unit of a lithium ion battery is composed of an electrode, a separator, a casing, and an electrode sheet in an electrolyte environment.

3.1.5 Lithium metal battery (regeable lithium metal battery)

A lithium secondary battery contains lithium metal on the negative side of the battery, also known as a rechargeable lithium metal battery. Note: During battery assembly, the negative electrode can be completely metallic lithium or partially containing metallic lithium. During the battery cycle, the form of metallic lithium exists in the negative electrode, and electrochemical deposition and precipitation occur reversibly.

3.1.6 Liquid lithium battery (liquid regeable lithium battery)

A lithium battery contains only a liquid electrolyte in the battery.

3.1.7 Nonaqueous organic solvent lithium battery (nonaqueous regeable lithium battery)

A liquid lithium battery, in which the electrolyte is an organic solvent

3.1.8 Aqueous lithium battery (aqueous regeable lithium battery)

The electrolyte is a liquid lithium battery of a water solvent.

3.1.9 Mixed solid-liquid electrolyte lithium battery (mixed solid liquid electrolyte regeable lithium battery)

A lithium battery contains both a liquid and a solid electrolyte in the battery.

Note: There are many terms in the literature for such batteries. The ratio of the mass or volume of solid electrolyte in the battery cell to the total mass or total volume of the electrolyte in the monomer is half, or the liquid electrode on one side of the monomer contains liquid electrolyte. The other electrode contains only a solid electrolyte, both of which are called semi-solid electrolyte lithium batteries, sometimes referred to as semi-solid lithium batteries; 2 the solid electrolyte has a mass or volume fraction of more than half, and the liquid electrolyte has a low mass or volume fraction. In half, sometimes referred to as quasi-solid electrolyte lithium battery or quasi-solid lithium battery; 3 liquid electrolyte mass or volume fraction is lower than the total electrolyte mass or the total number of points of 5%, some authors call it solid electrolyte lithium battery, or Solid state lithium battery. However, the actual battery cell contains a small amount of liquid electrolyte, which is called a solid lithium battery is not rigorous, and is more suitable as a quasi-solid electrolyte lithium battery or a quasi-solid lithium battery. The semi-solid electrolyte lithium battery, the quasi-solid electrolyte lithium battery, and the solid electrolyte lithium battery appearing in the above documents all belong to a mixed solid-liquid electrolyte lithium battery, which is simply referred to as a mixed solid-liquid electrolyte lithium battery. English can also be called Hybrid solid liquid electrolyte regeable lithium battery.

3.1.10 all solid state lithium battery (all solid state regeable lithium battery)

A lithium battery contains only a solid electrolyte and no liquid electrolyte, liquid solvent or liquid additive.

3.1.11 gel polymer regeable lithium battery (gelpolymer regeable lithium battery)

In lithium secondary battery, a liquid electrolyte in a battery forms a gel electrolyte with a polymer. Note: At present, the flexible packaging lithium ion battery encapsulated by plastic film is also called polymer lithium ion battery, sometimes referred to as polymer lithium battery. The gel polymer electrolyte lithium secondary battery means that the electrolyte inside the separator and the positive and negative electrodes appears in the form of a gel polymer electrolyte. There are big differences in composition and performance between the two.

3.1.12 semi-solid state lithium battery (half-solid state lithium battery)

One of the electrodes in the battery does not contain a liquid electrolyte, and the other electrode contains a liquid electrolyte. Or the mass or volume of the solid electrolyte in the monomer accounts for half of the total mass or total volume of the electrolyte in the monomer.

3.1.13 half-flow rechargeable lithium battery (half-flow regeable lithium battery)

In lithium secondary battery, a substance participating in an electrochemical reaction on either side of the battery can flow and the other side electrode cannot flow.

3.1.14 liquid lithium battery (flow regeable lithium battery)

The substances in which the electrodes on both sides of the battery participate in the electrochemical reaction are all lithium batteries that can flow.

3.1.15 flexible packaging lithium battery (pouch lithium cell)

A lithium battery using a plastic film as a casing

3.1.16 anode (anode)

Usually refers to an electrode that undergoes an oxidation reaction.

3.1.17 cathode (cathode)

Usually refers to the electrode where the reduction reaction takes place.

3.1.18 Passivation

In a lithium primary battery, a phenomenon of a protective film formed by the reaction of the surface of the negative electrode lithium with the electrolytic solution.

3.1.19 Voltage lag (voltagedelay)

In a lithium primary battery, the battery operating voltage cannot immediately reach the desired working state due to passivation or the like. Note: In lithium batteries, there is a large difference between the charging voltage curve and the discharge voltage curve during charging and discharging, sometimes referred to as voltagehysteresis in English.

3.1.20 activation

The electrochemically active component of the battery has the final step of producing the desired electrical energy.

3.2 parts, components, accessories and shapes

3.2.1 Electrode sheet

An electrode of a battery composed of a current collector and an active material, a binder, a conductive agent, or the like. Note: The current collector of the electrode sheet can be in the form of metal foil, mesh or the like.

3.2.2 Negative plate (negativeplate)

Generally, it refers to an electrode sheet having a high potential which contains a reducing active material upon discharge.

3.2.3 Positive plate (positiveplate)

Generally, it refers to an electrode sheet having a high potential which contains a reducing active material upon discharge.

3.2.4 ear (tab)

A metal conductor that connects the internal electrode pads of the battery to the terminals.

3.2.5 Active material (activematerial)

A substance that electrochemically reacts during storage and discharge of a battery to store or release electrical energy

3.2.6 Separator (separator)

A battery assembly made of an ion permeable material that prevents contact between oppositely sized electrode sheets in a battery. Note: In the solid-liquid electrolyte lithium battery, the solid-phase lithium battery can be considered as a kind of separator, but it is generally called solid electrolyte membrane.

3.2.7 Electrolyte (electrolyte)

A liquid or solid substance contains mobile ions and having ionic conductivity. Note: The electrolyte can be a liquid, a solid or a gel, and the electrolyte cannot conduct electrons.

3.2.8 Battery case (cell case)

The components inside the battery are packaged and provided with a protective member that prevents direct contact with the outside.

3.2.9 Aluminum plastic packaging film (laminated aluminum plastic film)

High-strength, high-barrier, electrolyte-resistant multilayer composite film material consisting of plastic, aluminum foil and adhesive for flexible packaging lithium battery packaging

3.2.10 Battery covers (celllid)

Parts used to cover the battery case, usually with injection holes, safety valves, and terminal extraction holes.

3.2.11 negative terminal (negative terminal)

It is convenient for the external circuit to connect the conductive parts of the negative pole of the battery.

3.2.12 positive terminal (positive terminal)

It is convenient for the external circuit to connect the conductive parts of the positive electrode of the battery.

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