Who is the home of new energy car batteries?

Since the global energy crisis, environmental pollution and other issues, new energy vehicles have assumed the responsibility to solve the above problems. However, from the perspective of the global promotion situation, it is not ideal. In addition to infrastructure construction cannot meet the needs of the market, new energy automotive battery technology is the main factor restricting development. For consumers, the range of new energy vehicles is an important consideration.

For consumers, the range of new energy vehicles is an important consideration. From the current point of view, in practical applications, the longest range is the Tesla Model S electric vehicle, with a maximum range of 502 kilometers and a conversion energy consumption of 169 watts/km. Although Beijing Hongyuan Lanxiang Electric Vehicle Technology Co., Ltd.conducted a test of the modified Xiali N7, a single charge lasted 682 kilometers, and the conversion energy consumption of domestic cars was 101 watts/km, which was much lower than that of Tesla, but it was only test data. No commercial mass production. Other new-energy vehicles have far less range than Tesla.

Batteries are also important factors that restrict the range of new energy. At present, there are three directions for the development of new energy cells: lithium cells, fuel cells or super-capacitors. According to current applications, the most widely used are lithium batteries, followed by fuel cells, and ultra-capacitor cells are still in the idealized stage.

The fate of new energy car batteries: lithium batteries, fuel cells or super-capacitor batteries

lithium cell

For lithium batteries, according to the different materials, they are divided into lithium iron phosphate batteries, lithium cobalt acid batteries, and triple-polymer lithium batteries.

Most electric vehicles use lithium iron phosphate batteries such as Chevrolet Volt, Nissan Leaf, and BYD E6. This battery technology is mature and safe, but the disadvantage is the energy density, resulting in a short range of electric vehicles, it is difficult to meet the requirements of consumers. In addition, the synthesis reaction of lithium iron phosphate batteries is complex, causing the problem of battery consistency to be difficult to solve. In addition, the manufacturing process of lithium iron phosphate batteries requires reducing gas, which makes it difficult to control the manufacturing stability and accuracy of its materials; Lithium-iron phosphate batteries below zero temperature have no electricity, affecting the use of vehicles.

The main use of lithium cobalt acid batteries and triple-polymer lithium batteries is Tesla electric vehicles, it's Roadster electric vehicles use lithium cobalt acid batteries, and ModelS uses triple-polymer lithium batteries. For lithium cobalt batteries, although the energy density is large, the safety is low and the cost is high. In the case of Tesla, the cost of batteries accounts for half of the vehicle. As a result, Tesla uses a three-part polymer lithium battery with high energy density but lower cost.

Fuel cell

In addition, fuel cells are also a key investment area for major car manufacturers. The characteristic of hydrogen fuel as an energy source is pollution-free, efficient and recyclable. Hydrogen is a colorless gas. Burning a gram of hydrogen can release the heat of 142qianjiaoer, which is three times the heat of gasoline. Its burning product is water, no ash, and exhaust gas, and it will not pollute the environment. Therefore, hydrogen as a fuel is considered to be the most ideal energy source in the 21st century.

In recent years, under the support of the government, Europe, the United States, Japan, and other places have made certain achievements in the research and development of hydrogen fuel vehicles, including giant companies such as Mercedes-Benz, General Motors, and Toyota. The Japanese government is vigorously promoting the development of hydrogen fuel cell vehicles in the country. According to the "New Growth Strategy" plan, the Japanese government proposes the following goals: The market share of the next-generation environmental protection vehicles, including hydrogen fuel cell vehicles, will increase from about 23 % in 2013 to 50 % to 70 % in 2030. At the same time, subsidies for hydrogen fuel cell vehicles, the price of its hybrid cars in 2025, and the harmonization of standards with international standards to promote its overseas sales have been listed as priority implementation projects.

In July 2014, at a briefing on the development of hydrogen fuel cell vehicles (FCV) in Tokyo, Toyota Kato, the vice president of Toyota, said that in 2014, a car-type hydrogen fuel vehicle will be introduced to the market. In June, modern hydrogen fuel cell vehicles were sold for the first time in Southern California, meaning that mass production of hydrogen fuel cell vehicles began to enter the commercial release stage in the United States. Honda will also launch fuel cell vehicles in 2015.

However, hydrogen fuel cells also have certain disadvantages. Fuel cell production costs are high, and hydrogen stations are even more difficult to build than charging stations for lithium-battery electric vehicles. In addition, hydrogen has the potential for explosion and hydrogen sources are limited. The above reasons all restrict the application of hydrogen fuel in the market.

Ultra capacitance

For the broader market for super-capacitors, it is theoretically better than lithium batteries and fuel cells. Some predict that the batteries of conventional electric vehicles are out of date and that new vehicles powered by supercapacitors will replace them in the future. Its advantage is that the charging speed is super fast, regardless of how large the capacity, as long as the current is enough, it can be filled in a second or two; Secondly, it is resistant to charge, hundreds of thousands of times no problem, and the energy does not decay; The third is that the discharge speed is extremely fast, or the power that can be carried is high, which is not comparable to batteries; Fourth, efficiency. Because it is a physical change, its energy conversion efficiency is far from comparable to a battery of chemical changes.

However, supercapacitors also have their own defects: one is safety, too fast discharge speed and too low internal resistance, if not designed well, it contains the hidden risks of "sudden energy explosion". The second is the lower working voltage, which restricts its application in driving cars.

From the comparison of the above three types of batteries, lithium batteries are still the main ones in the short term, and lithium cells and fuel cells will be in line with the phenomenon. For supercapacitors, it is difficult to replace lithium batteries in the short term. From a technical point of view, supercapacitors and lithium batteries have their own performance characteristics. In the future, the combination of lithium batteries and supercapacitors will become the mainstream of the market.

The page contains the contents of the machine translation.