What are the types of waste batteries?

There are four types in daily life:

1. Disposable dry battery (alkaline zinc-manganese battery)

2. Secondary dry battery (rechargeable nickel-hydrogen battery)

3. Lithium battery

4. Lead-acid battery

From the category, all the broken batteries can be counted as waste batteries. From the composition, the harmful components in the battery are mainly heavy metals such as mercury, cadmium, nickel and lead. In addition, electrolyte solutions such as acid and alkali are used for the human body and the ecological environment. There are different degrees of harm. It is understood that the waste batteries that are harmful to human health and ecological environment and listed in the hazardous waste control list are mainly: mercury-containing batteries, mainly mercury oxide batteries; lead-acid batteries; and cadmium-containing batteries, mainly nickel-cadmium batteries. In addition to harmful components, there are a large number of useful components such as zinc, manganese, copper, Nickel, silver, and carbon rods in the dry battery that can be recycled.

Classified according to battery plate structure: formed, paste and tubular batteries.

It is classified by battery cover and structure: open, vented, acid-proof explosion-proof and sealed valve-controlled batteries.

It is classified according to battery maintenance: there are common, less maintenance, maintenance-free batteries.

According to China's relevant standards, the main battery series products are:

Starter type battery (Q): It is mainly used for starting and lighting of automobiles, tractors, diesel engines, etc.

Fixed acid-proof battery (GF): mainly used for communication, power plant, computer system as protection, automatic control

Backup power supply

Traction type battery (D): Mainly used for power supply of various battery vehicles, forklifts, forklifts, etc.

Railway passenger car battery (T): mainly used for railway passenger car lighting and onboard electrical equipment.

Battery for diesel locomotive (N): Mainly used for starting and lighting diesel locomotives.

Motorcycle battery (M): Mainly used for motorcycle starting and lighting of various specifications

Aviation battery (HK): used for aircraft start-up, lighting, and communication.

Submarine Battery (JC): Power, lighting, and electrical equipment used for underwater navigation ofspecials.

Tank Battery (TK): used for tank start-up, power equipment and lighting.

Battery for miner's lamp (K): for the miner's lamp on the miner's helmet.

Battery for navigation mark (B): Night navigation mark for navigation channel.

Commonly used batteries include lead-acid batteries, cadmium-nickel batteries, iron-nickel batteries, metal oxide batteries, zinc-silver batteries, zinc-nickel batteries, hydrogen-nickel batteries, and lithium-ion batteries.

1 Lead-acid battery anode is lead, the cathode is lead dioxide, the electrolyte is sulfuric acid, mainly start-up type, fixed type, traction type, power type and portable type, most of which are open or acid-proof, and a small amount is colloidal electrolyte battery. In recent years, sealed lead acid and other types of battery products have replaced the original lead-acid batteries in many fields. Lead-acid batteries are inexpensive and suitable for low-temperature high-rate discharge and are widely used. However, due to the low specific energy of lead-acid batteries, the production process is toxic and pollutes the environment, which affects its scope of use.

2 The negative electrode of cadmium-nickel battery is cadmium, the positive electrode is nickel oxide, and the electrolyte is potassium hydroxide aqueous solution. Common shapes are square, button and cylindrical, with openings, seals and full seals. According to the plate manufacturing method, there are divided into a plate type, a sintered type, a pressed type and a pull type. The cadmium-nickel battery has the characteristics of high discharge rate, good low-temperature performance, and long cycle life.

3 Metal hydride nickel battery is a new product newly developed in the 1980s. The negative electrode is hydrogen absorbing rare earth alloy, the positive electrode is nickel oxide, and the electrolyte is potassium hydroxide and lithium hydroxide aqueous solution, which is 1.5-2 times larger than cadmium-nickel battery. Capacity, with fast charging, excellent high rate discharge performance and low-temperature discharge performance, cheap, no pollution, called green battery.

4 The iron-nickel battery negative electrode is iron powder, the positive electrode is nickel oxide, and the electrolyte is potassium hydroxide or sodium hydroxide aqueous solution. It has the characteristics of firm structure, durability, long service life, low specific energy, and is mostly used for power supply of mine transport vehicles.

5 The anode of zinc-silver battery is zinc, the positive electrode is a silver oxide, the electrolyte is potassium hydroxide aqueous solution, which has high specific energy and excellent high-rate discharge performance, but the price is high, and it is mostly used in military industry and weapon system.

6 The zinc-nickel battery has a negative electrode of zinc, a positive electrode of nickel oxide, an electrolyte of potassium hydroxide aqueous solution, high specific energy, low price, but short life. In recent years, the cycle life of the zinc-nickel battery has been greatly improved. Increased cycle life will be more widely used.

7 Lithium-ion battery negative electrode is carbon (graphite), the positive electrode is cobalt oxide lithium, using organic electrolyte, with high voltage, high specific energy, excellent cycle life, safe and pollution-free, which is called green power.

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