Some basic definitions of lithium batteries

A lithium battery is a type of battery using a lithium metal or a lithium alloy as a negative electrode material and using a nonaqueous electrolyte solution. The earliest lithium battery came from the great inventor Edison, using the following reaction: Li + MnO2 = LiMnO2 the reaction is a redox reaction, discharge. Due to the very active chemical properties of lithium metal, the processing, storage and use of lithium metal are very demanding on the environment. Therefore, lithium batteries have not been used for a long time now lithium batteries have become main stream.

18650 is the originator of lithium-ion battery--a standard lithium-ion battery model that Japan SONY Company set in order to save cost. Among them, 18 means diameter is 18mm, 65 means length is 65mm, 0 means cylindrical battery.

The common 18650 battery is divided into a lithium ion battery and a lithium iron phosphate battery. The lithium-ion battery voltage is 3.7V, the charge cut-off voltage is 4.2v, the lithium iron phosphate battery has a nominal voltage of 3.2V, the charge cut-off voltage is 3.6v, the capacity is usually 1200mAh-3350mAh, and the common capacity is 2200mAh-2600mAh. .

The lithium battery is a lithium battery with a nominal voltage of 3.7V and a full-voltage of 4.2v, and its capacity ranges from a few hundred to several thousand milliamperes. Generally used in a variety of instrumentation, testing equipment, medical equipment, POS machines, notebook computers and other products.

Lithium-ion battery: It is a secondary battery (rechargeable battery) that mainly relies on lithium ions moving between the positive and negative electrodes to work. During charge and discharge, Li+ is intercalated and deintercalated between the two electrodes: when charging, Li+ is deintercalated from the positive electrode, and the electrolyte is embedded in the negative electrode, and the negative electrode is in a lithium-rich state;

Lithium batteries are classified into lithium batteries and lithium ion batteries. Both mobile phones and laptops use lithium-ion batteries, which are commonly referred to as lithium batteries. The battery generally uses a lithium-containing material as an electrode and is representative of modern high-performance batteries. True lithium batteries are rarely used in everyday electronics because of their high risk.

A "lithium battery" is a type of battery using a lithium metal or a lithium alloy as a negative electrode material and using a nonaqueous electrolyte solution. Lithium metal batteries were first proposed and studied by Gilbert N. Lewis in 1912. In the 1970s, M.S. Whittingham proposed and began researching lithium-ion batteries. Due to the very active chemical properties of lithium metal, the processing, storage and use of lithium metal are very demanding on the environment. Therefore, lithium batteries have not been used for a long time. With the development of science and technology, lithium batteries have become the mainstream.

Lithium batteries can be roughly divided into two categories: lithium metal batteries and lithium ion batteries. Lithium-ion batteries do not contain metallic lithium and are rechargeable. The fifth-generation lithium-metal battery of rechargeable batteries was born in 1996, and its safety, specific capacity, self-discharge rate and performance price ratio are better than lithium-ion batteries. Due to its own high technical requirements, only a few companies in the country are producing such lithium metal batteries.

Lithium batteries were first used in pacemakers. The lithium battery has a very low self-discharge rate and a flat discharge voltage, so that the pacemaker implanted in the human body can operate for a long time without recharging. Lithium batteries generally have a nominal voltage higher than 3.0 volts, making them more suitable for use as integrated circuit power supplies. Manganese dioxide batteries are widely used in calculators, digital cameras, and watches.

In order to develop more excellent varieties, various materials have been studied to create an unprecedented product.

In 1992, Sony successfully developed lithium-ion batteries. Its practicality has greatly reduced the weight and volume of portable electronic devices such as mobile phones, notebooks, and calculators.

The lithium-ion battery was first developed by Sony Corporation of Japan in 1990. It is to insert lithium ions into carbon (petroleum coke and graphite) to form a negative electrode (lithium for lithium batteries or lithium alloys for conventional lithium batteries). The positive electrode material is commonly used for LixCoO2, LixNiO2, and LixMnO4, and LiPF6+diethylene carbonate (EC) + dimethyl carbonate (DMC) for the electrolyte.

Petroleum coke and graphite as non-toxic materials are non-toxic and have sufficient resources. Lithium ions are embedded in carbon, which overcomes the high activity of lithium and solves the safety problems of traditional lithium batteries. The positive LixCoO2 can reach the charge and discharge performance and life. The higher the level, the lower the cost and the overall performance of the lithium-ion battery improved. It is expected that lithium-ion batteries will occupy a large market in the 21st century.

Lithium battery (Li-ion, Lithium IonBattery): Lithium-ion battery has the advantages of light weight, large capacity, no memory effect, etc.

18650 lithium battery

18650 lithium battery

Universal Applications - Many digital devices use lithium-ion batteries for power, although they are relatively expensive. Lithium-ion batteries have a high energy density, and their capacity is 1.5 to 2 times that of nickel-hydrogen batteries of the same weight, and has a very low self-discharge rate. In addition, the lithium-ion battery has almost no "memory effect" and does not contain toxic substances, which is also an important reason for its wide application. In addition, please note that the outside of the lithium battery is generally marked with English 4.2Vlithiumionbattery (lithium battery) or 4.2Vlithiumsecondarybattery (lithium secondary battery), 4.2Vlithiumionrechargeablebattery (rechargeable lithium battery), so users must see the appearance of the battery block when purchasing the battery. Prevent cadmium nickel and nickel hydride batteries from being mistaken for lithium batteries because they do not see the battery type.

A single 3.7V lithium battery can be assembled into lithium battery packs of different voltages and capacities through scientific assembly. Based on these advantages, lithium batteries are widely used in:

1. Lithium battery is used in communication equipment: communication base station, handheld road tester, portable communication tester, individual soldier communication device, portable radio station, etc.

2. Lithium battery is used in medical equipment: monitor, electrocardiograph, portable B-ultrasound, ventilator, infusion pump, oral light curing machine, etc.;

3. Lithium batteries are used in industrial instruments: water quality detectors, geotechnical testers, laser pointers, car stoprs, ground penetratingspecials, military search lights;

4. Lithium batteries are used in power tools: hand-held electric drills, mopeds, golf carts, etc.;

5. Lithium batteries are used in consumer electronics: smart vacuum cleaners, handheld data collectors, financial POS machines, digital products, and more.

Lithium batteries are the same as 3.7V or 4.2V. It’s just that the manufacturer’s label is different. 3.7V refers to the platform voltage (ie, typical voltage) that is discharged during battery use, while 4.2 volts refers to the voltage at full charge. Common rechargeable 18650 lithium battery, the voltage is 3.6 or 3.7v standard, 4.2v when fully charged, which has little to do with the power (capacity), 18650 battery mainstream capacity from 1800mAh to 2600mAh, (18650 power battery capacity) More than 2200~2600mAh), the mainstream capacity even has the standard 3500 or 4000mAh or more (remind everyone, the domestically produced batteries with a nominal 3350mAH or higher in the market are likely to be fake, the current mass production capacity in China. It is 3350mAh.).

It is generally considered that the lithium battery no-load voltage is below 3.0V and it is considered that the power is used up (the specific value needs to look at the threshold of the battery protection board, such as low to 2.8V, also 3.2V). Most lithium battery discharges cannot put the no-load voltage below 3.2V, otherwise excessive discharge will damage the battery (usually the lithium battery on the market is basically used with a protective plate, so over-discharge will also cause the protection board to detect To the battery, it is impossible to charge the battery). 4.2V is the highest limit voltage for battery charging. It is generally considered that charging the lithium battery no-load voltage to 4.2V is considered to be full. During battery charging, the battery voltage gradually rises to 4.2V at 3.7V, and the lithium battery cannot be charged. Charge the no-load voltage to 4.2V or higher, otherwise it will damage the battery. This is the special place for lithium batteries.

Lithium-ion batteries are easily confused with the following two types of batteries:

(1) Lithium battery: Metal lithium is used as a negative electrode.

(2) Lithium-ion battery: A non-aqueous liquid organic electrolyte is used.

(3) Lithium ion polymer battery: a polymer is used to gel a liquid organic solvent, or an all-solid electrolyte is directly used. Lithium-ion batteries generally use a graphite-based carbon material as a negative electrode.

The page contains the contents of the machine translation.