Introduce the advantages and disadvantages of lithium battery

Lithium ion batteries are widely used in various fields due to its many excellent properties.

The lithium ion battery advantages as follows:

(1)The lithium battery has high voltage platform. Monomer battery voltage to an average of 3.7 V or 3.2 V, is approximately equal to three nickel cadmium battery or nickel metal hydride batteries in series voltage, easy to form a battery pack.

(2) has a high energy storage density. Lithium battery energy density is very high, relative to other battery now stands at 460-600 wh/kg, which is about 6 to 7 times of lead-acid batteries. This means that under the same charge capacity, lithium batteries are lighter in weight. The calculation of the same volume under the weight of about lead-acid product 1/5-1/6.

(3) the relatively long service life. Lithium battery service life can reach more than 6 years. lithium iron phosphate as the anode of lithium batteries, for example, in 1 c to charge and discharge rate, the cycle of record up to 1000 times.

(4) with high power tolerance. Electric cars with the highest iron phosphate lithium-ion battery charge and discharge rate can reach 15-30 c c, which is very suitable for vehicles of high strength of starting and accelerating.

(5) the self-discharge rate is very low. Self-discharge rate is one of the most prominent superiority of lithium ion battery, full charge storage at room temperature the self-discharge rate of about 10% of a month, and same condition is 25 ~ 30% nickel cadmium, nickel metal hydride is 30 ~ 35%.

(6) no memory effect. This means that the lithium ion battery can charge and discharge at any time, and don't have to be like a Ni-Mh battery, nickel tin, must wait until the battery.

(7) high and low temperature adaptability is strong. Lithium battery can be in - 20 ℃, 60 ℃ under the environment of use, through technology on the processing, can be used in - 45 ℃ environment.

(8) of green environmental protection. Does not contain no matter production, use and scrap also does not produce toxic heavy metals such as lead, mercury, cadmium.

(9) the main raw material for lithium ion batteries, lithium, manganese, iron, vanadium, etc in our country is rich in resources; The basic need for water in production, the source of water scarce countries.

But also has its own insurmountable defects of lithium-ion batteries, summarized as follows:

(1) significantly worse battery performance under low temperature, discharge platform decline, the output power decreases, power attenuation, etc.

(2) use unsafe errors. Due to the lithium ion battery material is very active, if use error will appear electrolyte decomposition of major accidents, burning and explosion.

(3) different discharge rate affected by the available capacity of the battery.

(4) to over charge and discharge will cause irreversible damage to the battery. In view of the above shortcomings, general and large capacity lithium battery pack adopt the protection device to monitor the use of the battery.

Table 1 shows the lithium ion battery and other battery performance comparison relationship.

All kinds of battery performance comparison in table 1

Secondary battery lithium ion batteries Ni-Mh batteries nickel cadmium battery lead-acid battery

The anode system lithium transition metal oxides nickel hydroxide nickel hydroxide lead dioxide

The cathode system Graphite layer material, etc. Hydrogen storage alloy cadmium oxide sponge lead

The diaphragm system PP/PEPP or PE PPnylon glass fiber cotton

Electrolytic liquid system organic lithium salt electrolyte KOH aqueous solution KOH aqueous solutionDilute sulphuric acid

Nominal voltage3.0 ~ 3.71.21.22.0

The volume energy density 350~400wh/l 320~350wh/l 160~180wh/l 65~wh/l

The weight energy density 180~200wh/kg 60~65wh/kg 40~45wh/kg 25~30wh/kg

Principle of the battery ion migration REDOXREDOXREDOX

Charge and discharge method constant current constant voltage charging constant current charging constant current charging constant current charging

Charging terminal control constant flow/pressure limiting constant current limit constant current limit constant current regulator,

There is certain hidden danger security

Environmental protection environmental protection environmental protection cadmium pollution lead pollution

The best working temperature0 ℃ ~ 45 ℃- 20 ℃ ~ 45 ℃- 20 ℃ ~ 60 ℃- 40 ℃ ~ 70 ℃

Price (RMB/wh) 2.2~2.8/wh 3.5~4.0/wh 2.2~2.8/wh 0.7~1.0/wh

The charger cost high (constant current constant voltage)General (control constant current source)General (control constant current source)Low (voltage source)

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