What is the difference between a normal battery and a lithium battery?

"Lithium battery" is a kind of battery that uses lithium metal or lithium alloy as negative electrode material and uses non-aqueous electrolyte solution. The lithium metal battery in 1912 was first proposed and studied by Gilbert N. Lewis. In the 1970s, MSWhittingham proposed and Lithium-ion batteries have been studied. Due to the very active chemical properties of lithium metal, the processing, storage, and use of lithium metal are very demanding on the environment. Therefore, lithium batteries have not been used for a long time. With the development of science and technology, lithium batteries have become the mainstream.

Lithium batteries can be roughly divided into two categories: lithium metal batteries and lithium ion batteries. Lithium-ion batteries do not contain metallic lithium and are rechargeable. The fifth-generation lithium-metal battery for rechargeable batteries was born in 1996. Its safety, specific capacity, self-discharge rate and performance-price ratio are superior to those of lithium-ion batteries. Due to its own high technical requirements, only a few companies in the country are producing such lithium metal batteries.

The earliest application of lithium batteries in cardiac pacemakers, lithium batteries have a very low self-discharge rate, and the discharge voltage is gentle, so that the pacemaker implanted in the human body can operate for a long time without recharging. Lithium batteries generally have a nominal voltage higher than 3.0 volts, making them more suitable for use as integrated circuit power supplies. Manganese dioxide batteries are widely used in calculators, digital cameras, and watches.

In order to develop more excellent varieties, various materials have been studied to create an unprecedented product.In 1992, Sony successfully developed lithium-ion batteries. Its practicality has greatly reduced the weight and size of portable electronic devices such as mobile phones, notebooks, and calculators.

1. Lithium-ion batteries have a higher specific energy, which means that the unit volume (weight) contains more energy than ordinary batteries.

2. Lithium-ion battery has high working voltage, lithium battery has normal voltage of 3.7 v, full power 4.2 v, ordinary dry battery, rechargeable battery is 1.5 v, 1.2 v is no electricity, and electrical equipment, such as mobile phone, camera, MP3, etc. It is necessary to use a working voltage of 3.7 v, so only lithium batteries can be selected. The camera can also use a regular battery, but requires two sections.

3. Lithium battery is environmentally friendly and non-polluting. The internal material is lithium manganate, or cobalt lithium, or iron lithium, and the other is carbon, which does not contain mercury, nickel, cadmium and other heavy metals that pollute the environment.

4. Lithium battery has broad development prospects and high cost performance. Its excellent charge and discharge cycle performance makes it have broad application fields and prospects, and its cost performance is outstanding.

Lithium battery is a type of battery with lithium metal or lithium alloy as negative electrode material and using anhydrous electrolyte solution. The earliest lithium battery came from the great inventor Edison, using the following reactions:

Li + MnO2 = LiMnO2, the reaction is a redox reaction, discharge.

Due to the very active chemical properties of lithium metal, lithium metal processing, storage, use, and environmental requirements are very high, so lithium batteries have not been used for a long time.But now lithium batteries have become the mainstream, a rechargeable battery can charge electricity, ordinary batteries can not be charged.

Second, the internal resistance of the rechargeable battery is small, and the internal resistance of the ordinary battery is large, so the ordinary battery is not suitable for high-current discharge equipment, such as a digital camera.

Third, the rechargeable battery self-discharge is large, the ordinary battery self-discharge is small, so the rechargeable battery is not fully charged without leakage (about half of the leak in about two months).

Fourth, the rechargeable battery is not resistant to storage, the ordinary battery is resistant to storage, so the long-term performance of the rechargeable battery will be greatly reduced, so that it cannot be used.

Fifth, The charging battery terminal voltage is 1.2 v, and the ordinary battery will be 1.5 v. However, since the internal resistance of the rechargeable battery is small, the pressure is lowered during use, so in most cases, the two can be used universally.

So in summary, if you want to use regular high-current discharge equipment, such as digital cameras, with audio and so on, try to use rechargeable batteries. Small current discharge devices, such as remote controls, quartz clocks, etc., try to use ordinary batteries.

Carbon anode material

The negative electrode materials which have been practically used for lithium ion batteries are basically carbon materials such as artificial graphite, natural graphite, intermediate carbon microspheres, petroleum Coke, carbon fiber, pyrolytic resin carbon and so on.

Tin base negative electrode material

Tin base negative electrode material can be classified into tin oxides and tin-based composite oxides. Oxide refers to oxides of various valence metal tins. There are no commercial products.

Nitride

There are also no commercial products.

Alloy

Including tin-based alloys, silicon-based alloys, bismuth based alloys, aluminum based alloys, bismuth based alloys, magnesium based alloys and other alloys, there are no commercial products.

nanoscale

Carbon nanotubes, nano-alloy materials, nano-oxides

At present, according to the latest development of the market development of lithium battery new energy industry in 2009, many companies have begun to use nano titanium oxide and nano silicon oxide to add to the traditional graphite, tin oxide and carbon nanotubes, which greatly improve the charging of lithium batteries. The amount of discharge and the number of charge and discharge.

Lithium, atomic number 3, atomic weight 6.941, is the lightest alkali metal element. In order to improve safety and voltage, scientists have invented materials such as graphite and lithium cobalt oxide to store lithium atoms. The molecular structure of these materials forms a nanoscale fine storage grid that can be used to store lithium atoms. In this way, even if the battery casing is broken and oxygen enters, the oxygen molecules are too large to enter these fine cells, so that the lithium atoms do not come into contact with oxygen to avoid explosion.

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