Electric cars are taking their revenge, but technological bottlenecks remain.

United States: electric counter attack cars in the future.

Under the high subsidies and a large amount of stimulus of the government, the original was eliminated by fuel car electric cars in the U.S. market staged a "revenge".

The U.S. government, according to data released in 2017, the U.S. auto market sales more than 14 million vehicles, new energy vehicles sales accounted for about 3% of total sales of 47.5, 70000, than the previous year growth.6%.In the new energy vehicles, pure electric car sales rose 23%, to 16.80000 units.

Bloomberg (Bloomberg) released a report predicts that by 2040, sales of electric cars will reach 41 million, accounting for 35% of the new light vehicle sales.

The electric car on "revenge"

Look from the birth of time, about half a century earlier than internal combustion engine automobile electric cars, absolutely is auto circle "old-timers". However, this "old-timers" only to do at that time battery provide power to run and only a short distance, this seems an incredible today.

Battery technology development, in the second half of the 19th century for the United States to the glory of the electric car industry in the first, electric cars start is used widely in Europe and the us once more popular than fuel vehicles.

No unpleasant petrol engine, no noise, no vibration, no steam car long preheating time, driving operation more simple, the price is relatively cheap, these features make the electric car in the early 20th century, the early car market is quite popular, and with steam cars and diesel locomotive, formed the situation of the three pillars of - 1900, 38% of sales of 4200 vehicles in the United States is the electric car, 22% is the internal combustion engine car, 40% are steam engine vehicles.

However, with the improvement of American Texas oil and gas engine technology, electric cars, gradually lost its advantage. Internal combustion engine drive car every "occupy" the automobile market, the electric car began to disappear. The thirties of the 20th century, the electric car has been largely eliminated by fuel cars.

Decades later, as the mainly oil draining of fossil energy and air pollution events occur repeatedly, the electric car market in the United States staged a "revenge", more and more Americans began to focus on electric cars.

As an important market indicator, sales figures not only reflect the average consumer's attitude toward new energy vehicles, also intuitively show the consumer preference for certain types of vehicles.

According to Chinese industry category definition, hybrid cars do not belong to the new energy vehicles, but it is interesting to note that a hybrid car is a new American energy market sale of the highest category, accounts for about 67% of total sales. Anxiety is likely to cause a range of pure electric vehicles, as well as the price is relatively higher plug-in electric hybrid cars, hybrid cars higher performance-price ratio.

Hybrid cultivated for many years in America, Toyota, ford, plot beauty brand the most market competitive advantage. Among them, Toyota's market share up to 55.42%;Ford came second, 19.24%.

Plug-in hybrid electric vehicles are quite popular in market. The prius in Japan Prime and the home of the Chevrolet volt neck-and-neck are in the competition of this field.

Whereas in pure electric car market, the main ModelS of the tesla company ModelS, ModelX, BoltEV and LEAF. Statistics show that the four models of sales account for more than 80% of the pure electric vehicle market sales. Travel distance, high electric SUV has always been a mohican, this also is in after door storm and seat, kept ModelX sell like hot cakes.

Model3 electric cars to the U.S. market last year, per fare is 3.$50000, known as the tesla's most affordable vehicles. Tesla has high hopes for this model, hope that we can use it for tesla to reduce losses, and investment in the future car.

However, is the most attention in the industry, Model3 can fast on the quantity. After the car insufficient capacity has repeatedly delayed production targets. Recently, tesla claims that production has reached 2000.It is understood that the second quarter of the tesla production goal is 5000 units per week Model3 electric cars, and this was the aim of the company as at the end of 2017.

"Counter attack" on technology but is still in the bottleneck

Electric cars can "victory" in the market, battery charge cost reduction and the development of technology is also an important factor.

First of all, the battery cost reduction is a prerequisite. Last year, lithium ion batteries cost per kilowatt hour of $350, and since 2010, lithium ion batteries cost has dropped by 65%.The international energy agency reported that since 2008, battery costs fell by about four times, the battery energy density increased five times. Bloomberg's analysts expect that by 2030, the electric car battery costs will be far below the $120 per KWH. With further improvement technology, battery costs will decline further.

For electric vehicle charging is essential step in the process of use. As of January 2018, the United States, a total of nearly 20000 charge piles construction and more than 50000 electric outlets.

And star effect is another reason for America's new energy vehicle development. The price can't be touched factors of ordinary people to buy new energy vehicles, the choice of public figures to purchase and use of new energy vehicles have star power, make it a trend.

In addition, tesla stars such as also played a key role in the promotion of enterprise. Tesla's market strategy is undoubtedly correct, first launched in 2008 to try water sports car Roster, launched in 2012, the mature production of high-end car ModelS, launched in 2015, ModelX, then launched in March 2016, populist Model3, namely exercise their abilities, with high-end car first build market potential energy, and don't disturb too much competition, wait to mature technical ability, Volkswagen car preempted market quickly.

, of course, not only the tesla, after the 1990 s, the major automobile manufacturers began to put money in the field of electric vehicles and technologies, has become an important factor to promote the development of electric vehicles.

However, although some progress has been made, but the electric car market is still faced with charging pile problem such as high cost, long charging time. Due to long-term losses are difficult to popularize, charge service fees for operators is just a drop in the bucket, so losses is the "normal" of the whole industry charging pile.

Tesla give solution for this is that, fast charging station construction as much as possible - "super charging station" (Supercharging)."Super charging station" quick and easy, half an hour charging can travel 270 km, is a family charge 10 times the efficiency of the pile.

Although the service is great, high costs, however, that most Americans are "off". It is understood that each super charging station construction cost is not only more than $100000, but also need a covers an area of 20 square meters to 200 square meters of land for infrastructure.

This case, the development of wireless charging technology became an important factor to electric vehicles could spread. And with the major manufacturers to increase the electric vehicle charging technology research and development strength, and third party charging pile the fierce market competition, also has the successful application of this technology.

In recent years, the world's automakers have realized intelligent and trend of new energy automobile industry and increasing the on autopilot, new energy vehicles, etc. Ford in North America during the auto show this year, for example, has announced plans to invest $11 billion investment in the development of electric cars and hybrid cars; BMW has announced that by 2025 will launch a total of 25 electric cars; Mercedes plans to 2022, the realization of all the cars have the electric version.

In addition, the Japanese manufacturers also through hybrid technology and improve the internal combustion engine fuel efficiency, rapidly improve fuel economy of the car.

More policy support of regional development is the fastest

For years, the U.S. government for new energy vehicles has a positive attitude. In the early 1980 s, the U.S. government is specifically introduced a new energy strategy.

In 1988, President Ronald Reagan in his final year signed the alternative engine fuel act (AMFA), by using natural gas or alcohol (the two fuel is known as the alternative fuel (alternative fuel)) of tax cuts for automakers, achieve the goal of improve fuel economy and reduce emissions.

In 1989, President bush submitted to congress the Clean Air Act amendment, in order to solve the problem of harmful to the people of the United States three air: acid rain, air pollution in cities, and toxic gases. Eventually the bill was passed in 1990, while sales of clean fuel vehicle car companies can enjoy certain tax breaks.

In 1992, congress passed the energy policy act (Energy Policy Act).Law for the first time for the industry application of several years of "alternative fuels" concept is given official definition: alternative fuels including biofuels, such as ethanol), natural gas, hydrogen gas, electricity, propane, and other in the future by the doe rules of fuel (then passed the two fuels, biodiesel and P series fuel), these models are called alternative fuel vehicles (Alter native fuel vehicle, or AFV).

Until today, AFV remains America's official definition of the energy-saving, environmental protection car foster and key models. In law, AFV become the main object of government purchases. A hard indicator is: starting from the 1999 fiscal year, the federal government car light load in the car must be AFV is 75%.

It is driven by government subsidies. The United States new energy vehicles had faster growth in recent years.

To promote the plug-in hybrid vehicle program, the U.S. government in the form of cheap loans and subsidies for billions of dollars, or even set up special fund, to support power battery, key components, development and production of new energy cars and charging infrastructure construction.

As a powerful complement to existing tax credit, the American government has for the first time in July 2016, in the name of the White House released, including $4.5 billion in government loan guarantees, the electric car industry development package, also funds $10 million a year to promote "battery 500" project.

The Obama administration is also a regulation in 2012, in 2025 years ago, American auto average miles per gallon of gasoline to 54.Five miles (equivalent to 4 per hundred kilometers fuel consumption.32 l), higher than that of the current standard for ten miles. The Obama administration says this will help to significantly reduce greenhouse gas emissions, save consumer spending, and ultimately reduce U.S. oil consumption.

The leverage of policy is very clear. Under the stimulus of good policy, for example, Georgia's second largest electric car market, sales of electric vehicles as the first big electric car market in California.

And from the point of regional development pattern, have more policy support area to become the new energy automobile market of the fastest growing regions.

Electric cars from the United States retain, California accounts for more than half, its reason is local government support. Administration of air quality in the development of science and technology of southern California, deputy chief executive matt palace once said in an interview, the push of the state of California, formed a powerful stimulus to industry development, it is important in the development of new energy vehicles in the United States.

As America's largest electric car market, California has been in the "mandatory" to promote the new energy vehicles.

Since the 1970 s, in order to control air pollution, enjoys a tougher California the power of the automobile fuel economy standards, thus became the car environmental standards the Yan state, is also a new energy automobile's fastest-growing state.

In 1990, California launched a zero emission vehicle program, manufacturers of auto development of pure electric vehicles, at the same time sales of new energy vehicles are required to achieve the overall 15% of new car sales.

In 2007, California passed clean car subsidy program, for pure electric vehicles, fuel cell vehicles, plug-in electric hybrid vehicles, electric bikes and other subsidies. According to the models in different grade, they have different level of subsidy. Every time the state will be prescribed total subsidy, generally take first come first serve, first buy starts form shall be issued to the buyers, until the total subsidy used up.

Executive vice President of the California air resources board Hakata o Ayala, said: "the car manufacturers if you want to sell cars in California, and then to 2025, you sell 7 car must have 1 is a zero emission car. If you don't obey the rules, must be punished."

Today, Americans enthusiasm for electric vehicles to lift, electric car is also more and more to occupy the market.

Korea: use "the world's highest level" subsidies to promote electric vehicles

In recent years, the South Korean government through technology research and development and government subsidies, actively promote the development of electric vehicle industry. Charging station facilities deficiency and subsidy policy, however, instability, imbalance is South Korea two big obstacle of the development of electric cars.

Attaches great importance to technology development

In February 2018, South Korean officials said on "the future automobile industry forum", the south Korean government will accelerate the electric car and automatic driving technology development.

South Korean industry trade and resources in its "future" automobile industry development strategy, will greatly improve the electric car driving distance and charging technology, the goal is to charge once, the electric car can drive from Seoul to Busan, namely the mileage is more than 500 kilometers, charging rate is more than twice.

Also said South Korea industry resources, the government plans to convert buses, taxis and pickup trucks to electric cars. Concrete plans, select five groups of local autonomy in 2018, and since 2019, replacing 10% of the vehicles a year, until 2030, will be more than all types of vehicles converted to electric vehicles.

In addition, the South Korean government decided in 2018 began to promote electric waste battery recycling, as well as electric cars stored energy linkage base of electric vehicles such as network services.

Relevant data show that in the past two years, South Korea electric car sales increased substantially. In 2015, the Korean electric cars sell 2907, 2016 increase to 5914 units. South Korea's environment ministry work, according to a report released in January 2017, South Korea's goal is to 2017, 14000 electric cars popular.

Implementation of "the world's highest level of electric subsidies"

South Korean media said that South Korea has "the world's highest level of electric subsidies".

South Korea's environment ministry work, according to a report released in 2017, each electric car subsidy amount is close to 2016, to 14 million won. The electric car subsidy scope has been expanded. In 2017, South Korea has 101 electric cars to give subsidies for local municipality, compared with 2016, increased by 70.

It is understood that in order to promote the popularity of electric cars, South Korea's environment ministry to buy electric cars consumers giving tax breaks to the purchaser in addition to the subsidies will be entitled for up to 4.6 million won, can also be exempted from individual consumption up to 2 million won, 600000 won the education tax and income tax of 1.4 million won, and this policy will maintain until 2018.

At present, the south Korean government also in according to the market situation, constantly adjust electric subsidies. Since 2018, when consumers to buy electric cars, according to buy battery capacity, maximum range of the vehicle and to the environment to improve the effect of subsidies from the government for 10.17 million won to 12 million won. In 2016 compared to 14 million won per car quota subsidies, that amount is slightly reduced.

The South Korean government has raised the taxi, type of trucks, buses and other vehicles using the support electric cars. According to relevant policy sets, electric taxis can get 12 million won subsidies; Load a ton of electric truck may obtain 20 million won the subsidies, and plans to promote diesel trucks in the second half of the year replacement for electric truck measures; Electric bus subsidy object from the mini bus also extended to large and medium-sized buses, of which medium bus can get 60 million won subsidy, large buses available 100 million won.

At the same time, local governments are will intensify subsidies of new energy vehicles.

In 2017, according to new increased to 172 vehicles, electric cars, Daejeon, compared with 2016, when the data has the obvious growth. In respect of subsidies, subsidies for 17 million won per car in 2016, a total of subsidies for 42 car, compared with 2017 m in subsidies in amount and quantity increase.

Since 2017, the city is Koje began pushing for electric cars to the folk, the Kia RAYEV, Renault Samsung SM3Z.E., modern the IONIQ, Kia show EV4 electric vehicles subsidies, subsidies for 17 million won per car.

Busan released "2017 electric cars popular job postings (amendment)" shows that subsidies that Busan city each electric cars reached 19 million won, subsidies for electric vehicle charging stations are the highest reached 4 million won.

And in the electric car is the most popular and the Jeju city, with the most complete related infrastructure for Renault Samsung SM3Z government .E., Kia RAYEV, Kia show EV, BMW i3, the Nissan LEAF models provide subsidies, subsidies for 20 million won per car. According to incomplete statistics, Jeju city 7361 electric cars enjoy the government subsidy. In addition, Jeju city has decided to buy extra 152 official electric car.

Basis supporting fall short

Besides the jagged government subsidies, the lack of charging stations and other infrastructure, and is still a stumbling block to South Korea electric cars popular. Charging quantity greatly increased in recent years, South Korea, and 2.Compared to 50000 electric vehicle registration number, and the number of charging stations still is far from enough.

At the same time, the charging station distribution is different from region to region. Data show that the distribution of Korea electric vehicle charge station is in the capital circle and Jeju. Gyeonggi province is 574 stations and 1013 charger, the largest number. Followed by Seoul (524, 1003), the anniversary is Tao (397, 615), Jeju (367, 595) and faithful sweeping, 405 (286).Compared with them, the city of Ulsan only 29 charging stations and 42 charger.

South Korean media analysis, instability and unbalance of subsidy policy is one of the causes of the above situation.The government will sometimes citing insufficient budget to reduce the budget of electric cars.At the same time, compared with some local government subsidies of 23 million won, rather more, Hertz, treasure city, salty, virgin islands, but does not offer subsidies for electric cars.

The south Korean government has realized that the problem of insufficient charging station, to the appropriate infrastructure also began to attach importance to. According to South Korea's environment ministry figures released in 2016, the south Korean domestic charging equipment number is 750, 2017 to 1801, planned for 2018 to 3941.However, with the south Korean national close to 1.Compared to the number of 20000 gas stations, the number of charging station is not enough.

For this, trade ministry said south Korean industry, government and relevant institutions plan to large supermarkets and other major crowded point as the center, set up 1500 fast charging station, a year by 2020, the number of fast charging stations around the country will be close to the number of stations.

In addition, the environment is also planning to the individual buyers purchase cost subsidy charger. Among them, the slow charger up subsidies of 3 million won, type mobile charger maximum subsidy of 600000 won.

Many local governments have also launched the corresponding measures. In 2017, for example, have on the basis of 3 public speed charging station construction, Daejeon, plan construction of additional 15 speed charging stations in 2018;Busan city is in its "2017 electric cars popular work notice", give each electric vehicle charging station highest subsidy of 4 million won.

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