What are the advantages of solar cells?

A solar cell is a device that converts light energy (mainly sunlight) into electrical energy. According to the principle, the photovoltaic effect is based on the built-in electric field of the PN junction, so that the photogenerated carriers are separated to reach the two sides of the junction to generate a photovoltage, and the connection to the external circuit makes the power of the power output solar cell and the illumination intensity stronger. , the stronger the power output.

The solar system is easy to install, easy to expand, easy to disassemble, etc. It is also economical to use solar energy, and there is no energy consumption in the operation process. In addition, this system is resistant to mechanical wear and a solar system requires reliable solar cells to accept and store solar energy. General solar cells have the following advantages:

1. High charge absorption capacity

2. Long cycle life

3. Good chargeability

4. No maintenance required

What are the advantages? Environmentally friendly, only use sunlight, green energy, and use in remote areas without the need to lay cables, can be used alone, flexible use, roof, roof can be used.

The disadvantage is that the photoelectric conversion rate is very low, requires a large area, and the cost is too high.

In perovskite solar cells, scientists have found in recent research that the conversion efficiency of a perovskite-structured organic solar cell can be as high as 22.1%, which is twice the conversion efficiency of solar cells on the market today, and can significantly reduce solar cells. The cost of use related research is published in the latest issue of Nature.

Although the research team has not demonstrated high-efficiency solar cells made from new materials, this research has become a powerful complement to many previous studies, demonstrating that a perovskite with a unique crystal structure is expected to change the face of the solar industry, currently, the mainstream solar cells in the market use silicon and cadmium telluride as materials and the current conversion efficiency has lasted for more than 10 years. The perovskite has only been studied in just 4 years. In view of this, even the industry conservatives Very optimistic about perovskites.

Andrew Jam, co-director of the research and co-director of the Center for Energy Innovation at the University of Pennsylvania, said that solar cells made from new perovskites can convert about half of the sunlight directly into electricity, twice the current level. Only half of the solar cells can provide the same power, which will greatly reduce installation costs, resulting in a significant reduction in total cost.

In addition, Eminem says that unlike traditional solar cell materials, new materials do not require an electric field to generate current, which reduces the amount of material required and produces higher voltages that increase energy yield; moreover, new materials It also works well for visible light, which is significant for solar cells.

Researchers have also shown that a small change in new materials can effectively convert sunlight of different wavelengths into electricity. Scientists can use this to create solar cells with different layers, each layer absorbing different wavelengths of sunlight, thus significantly improving efficiency.

However, some experts stressed that although these attributes are very useful, the Eminem team still has a long way to go to make available perovskite solar cells. First, the current generated by such solar cells is very low.

Advantages and disadvantages of perovskite solar cells

In the short span of six years from 2009 to 2015, the photoelectric conversion efficiency of perovskite solar cells jumped from 3.8% to 20.3%, an increase of more than five times. Its efficiency has progressed so fast that it was named one of the top 10 scientific breakthroughs in 2013 by the journal Science. At present, the academic research of perovskite solar cells is still very active, and its industrialization prospects are also very promising, but the research results of practical technologies have yet to be broken.

Advantages and disadvantages of perovskite solar cells

This is because:

The advantages of a perovskite battery:

The conversion efficiency is developing rapidly - from 3.8% to 20.3% in 6 years, and in November 2013, American scientists found in the latest research that the conversion efficiency of the new calcium-titanium solar cell can be as high as 50%, which is the current solar energy on the market. The battery conversion efficiency is twice as high, which shows that it has great potential for development; the battery manufacturing process is simple - liquid phase deposition, vapor deposition process, liquid phase/gas phase mixed deposition process is often used in the laboratory;

Battery power generation costs are low – and may even be lower than thermal power generation;

Potential for building integration - Perovskite-type batteries are thin-film batteries. They are mainly deposited on glass. They can also achieve different degrees of transparency by controlling the thickness and material of each layer of materials. Of course, the efficiency will also be reduced. The application is worth trying. For example, the Oxford University laboratory has been able to make semi-transparent (grey-brown) batteries. If the solar cell integrating lighting and power generation is developed smoothly, it is expected to become a substitute for curtain wall decoration of high-rise buildings and colored glass film for vehicles.

Advantages and disadvantages of perovskite solar cells

Disadvantages of the second perovskite battery:

The material is toxic - the perovskite battery material contains lead, but lead is simply a smattering of arsenic, gallium, antimony, and cadmium in other types of batteries. Northwestern University has also developed a perovskite solar cell that uses tin instead of lead. However, the conversion efficiency of this battery is only 6%, and the material is very unstable, and it is currently in the initial stage of research and development;

Unstable materials - Lead in perovskites is easily oxidized to volatilize iodine, and is easily decomposed when the crystal is wet. If we use a perovskite battery to generate electricity, it is likely to decompose and ooze out to the roof or soil;

Battery life is not long – currently, the longest-lived perovskite solar cell can reach 1,000 hours, developed by Huazhong University of Science and Technology and the Federal Institute of Technology in Lausanne. The traditional crystalline silicon battery generally lasts for 25 years and is much longer than the perovskite battery.

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