Explanation of lead-acid battery testing and maintenance

Lead-acid storage seal The battery By the positive and negative plate, diaphragm and article, battery electrolyte slot and connecting the lead (or parts), exhaust valve and terminals, etc.

A, the main components of the battery

1, the plate is the core parts of the storage battery is the "heart" battery, can be divided into positive plate and negative plate.

2, clapboard is to isolate the effect of positive and negative plate, to prevent short circuit, can be referred to as "the third electrode. As the carrier of the electrolyte, can absorb a large amount of electrolyte, have the effect of ion diffusion (ion conductive) good. For sealed and maintenance-free battery, the partition as a positive plate also produce oxygen reaching negative plate "channel", make it successfully set up oxygen circulation, reduce water loss. Is made of super fine glass fiber, it is diaphragm type is the key to realize the free maintenance battery.

3, the electrolyte is mainly composed of pure water and acid, with some additives.

Main functions: one is to participate in the electrochemical reaction, is one of the active material of battery; Two is a conductive role, when battery is used by the transfer of ions in the electrolyte, the conductive effect, allows chemical reactions to proceed smoothly.

4, the relief valve is one of the key components of battery, located at the top of the battery, it has four functions:

(1) the safety function, that is, when the battery in the process of using the internal gas pressure relief valve pressure, open the valve to release pressure, prevent to produce

(2) the sealing function, when the battery down to the relief valve closing valve pressure relief valve closed, prevent leakage gas acid mist inside to outside, but also to prevent adverse impact on air into the battery.

(3) to ensure the normal battery internal pressure, oxygen compound inside the battery, reduce water loss.

(4) explosion-proof, some relief valve with acid proof, riot. Such as Panasonic battery.

The relief valve structure type is more, hat, umbrella, flake, etc. Among the common is the cap type raft, it is made into good elastic rubber cap type. Structure is simple, using failure rate is low, so widely used, such as Panasonic, Haibao, superfine, day, huge unit cell.

Second, the principles and maintenance experience

(a) repair principle

Repair methods have electronic method, chemical method and physical method. Chemical method is used to contain special "activator" of the chemical composition of the electrolyte (generally translucent liquid) into a lead-acid battery, by chemical reactions eliminate lead sulfate crystallization, allowing the battery current is flowing and regeneration has been aging of battery and prolong its service life.

(2) the repair experience and skills

1, the charging method: general sulfide lighter batteries, can charge the battery by normal recovery. Generally said, discharge current, the greater the shorter battery life; The deeper the depth of discharge, battery life is short. Theoretically should avoid as far as possible when using battery deep discharge, frequently charge should be shallow, but for some sulfide battery charging or using pulse charger (colin charger), for example, has a good recovery of a certain capacity.2, water treatment:, the sulfide heavier battery to charge and discharge water therapy, to return to normal.

(1) in hospital drips in 500 ml of drip bottle capacity analysis of distilled water on the 0.5 ml pure sulfuric acid mixture density is about 1.050 dilute sulphuric acid electrolyte for filling water.

(2) to pry open the battery cover (must be careful to avoid damaging), spin order control valve (or take off the rubber cover), battery on adding the mixed electrolyte of 1.050 5 ml and 15 ml, preferably after injecting electrolyte battery placed more than 10 hours, the supplementary liquid penetration into the screen to see a liquid electrolyte just appear (in vertical flashlight on perforation to see more clearly) or the battery turn 90 degrees, make holes for profile, excessive electrolyte overflow, then turn back).

(3) connect battery tester, press tester "battery repair" function button, repair. Sulfur tester is automatically entered into San Liu hours to repair, after three hours to sulfur transferred to working mode "3", both the charging, discharge, charging, the charging current is 3 a, the discharge current is 5 a, automatic tester show that discharge capacity and time, very intuitive. Each record capacity, repeatedly for three to four times until capacity is no longer rising.

3, battery parallel shunt method: if the battery temperature rise quickly, in the process of repair should reduce the charge and discharge current, then can access all the tester after the two batteries in parallel on a line, charge and discharge current for the original 1/2 (ignoring internal resistance difference), the effect is very good also.(note: if the battery voltage and capacity of parallel gap is bigger, with more than 6 a current diode isolated cells or separate first give in charge, so as to avoid high voltage and capacity of the battery to the other battery caused by impact and influence.)

Four series, battery repair method: when a single day can be adopted when the nominal battery voltage is lower than 12 v. Such as, rechargeable emergency lights on the market often use 6 v4ah, six v7ah battery, and single output is 12 v tester. At this time series can be two 6 v battery tester access to fix sulfur (note: 1 should be based on nominal capacity battery to choose the appropriate charge and discharge current;2 do except sulfide without tester such as charging, can need not series can also be).

5, output coupling charging flow method: if the repair battery capacity is big, such as some cars with 100 ah battery, sometimes need to increase the charging current, at this time can use tester at the same time two or more output to be repaired batteries in parallel at the same time, in order to enhance the charging current.

I found in the actual test according to different batteries, with high precision dc 20 a file more than four and a half digital multi meter testing, tester of two-way parallel access after the battery current is gradually increased to two way current combined.

6, the output group legal: if by day long battery or self-discharging and cure serious battery, hydrating and charging recovery effect is not obvious when available. Normal charging method is to use all the way, all the way with another "battery repair" function in charge at the same time also inflicts on battery to work, sulfur is two lines of output at the same time, access to be repaired on the battery tester (two way) in parallel but choose the mode to charge all the way, all the way to go to sulfur. This method for severe sulfide battery effect is better. Using this method, the actual charging current best choice, such as 700 ma or 3 a, because the repair function of overlay, repair the negative pulse current is greater than the positive pulse, choose 5 a is in order to make up for the charging current of the resulting offset.

7, output tandem booster method: (note: you must first open the tester after the operation mode and start the same function in series, and access to the battery again.)The method for the battery voltage is 24 v and 36 v or whole group batteries effectively, both of the tester after the output together two or more road access battery, two way in series voltage is 24 v, three way to 36 v. But actual test found that after the parallel voltage increased, but still for choosing the current size, such as, both road 3 ampere current charging mode, the voltage is 24 v output resulting from the series, but current did not increase. Should pay attention to using this method, the tester for each choose current should be the same size, must be started at the same time. Such as series three way to 36 v, charging current of all stripes should be all choose the same size and start.

8, heating method: lots goint to fixed number of year long battery, severe electrolyte dried up, and don't want to stand for 24 hours after filling water, customers are in urgent need of repair when using this method. Be repaired after filling water in order to speed up the electrolyte battery to the battery internal penetration (clapboard, is made of super fine glass fiber as the carrier of the electrolyte, it can absorb a lot of electrolyte) and its chemical reactions, after filling water battery in 70 degrees of hot water soak (note: do not submerged batteries in order to prevent the short circuit) more than one hour. After take out the battery from the hot water for regular repair work.

9, the output trigger method: mainland pigeons tester has the function of the battery self diagnostic testing. Under normal circumstances, be the battery when connected to the tester should be able to hear a slight "click" sound, shows that internal relay tester and off. If the battery voltage is too low, although access to repair instrument, start repair the corresponding functions such as operation, although panel on red digital tube display normal at this time. Such as flashing in charge and discharge of the digital display, but under the effect of tester is self-protection detection and no corresponding current and voltage output. In this case, the voltage is higher than 6 v battery (good) trigger quickly took is negative output lines connected to repair the battery. More simple and convenient method is to prepare a laminated section 9 v battery (multi meter in the commonly used batteries, it is easy to buy) to trigger the tester is output. With tester output positive and negative terminal contact laminated 9 v battery is negative at the same time.

10, cooling method: in the process of charging and repair to check the temperature of the battery shell, the overall temperature more than 40 degrees (touch feel hot), must check whether the charging voltage and current is too high (mainland pigeons very accurate current and voltage tester) if is normal, should be to cool the cooling treatment.(1) the fan cooling;(2) the battery two-thirds of the water cooling, at the same time without interruption repair work (such as charge and discharge, sulfur, etc.);(3) reduce the charging current (e.g., battery in parallel shunt), extended charging time, etc.

11, activate charging method: battery during storage or use, can charge the battery by activated on a regular basis, both the so-called equalizing charge, this is very beneficial to prevent irreversible sulfate battery, the battery life is good, is worth promoting. Mainland pigeons battery capacity tester of three independent 12 v circuit (36 v) and four road 12 v (48 v) independent circuit, output current and voltage controlled by microcomputer, very precise, makes the output current and voltage can be used as a balanced charger. Because the balance in series battery pack is widespread, there will always be "backward" battery is in use process. In general, use tester for recharging the battery to charge - discharge - regularly process can achieve the goal of equalizing charge.

12, depth of discharge and recharge repair method: (note: fit to sulfur type voltage drop tester version).Repair practice found some batteries belong to "stubborn", neither short circuit or open circuit, but no matter repeatedly repair and charge and discharge all not see effect, test capacity is very small or even zero. To this kind of battery's ills can take the depth of discharge and charge repair method. But depth discharge does not mean simple deep discharge, but use opportunely potential function immediately after the battery discharge tester continue depolarization in addition to sulfur, such edge depth to give depth to the battery at the same time discharge of sulfur and make a battery voltage continues to fall (using the tester run the repair function, battery voltage natural decrease slightly) at least dropped to below 9.5 V. Below 7.5 V best effect is better. Then charge to 16.2 V (note: to more than 14.8 V have to manually open or unplug battery limit pressure rubber valve, in order to avoid casing deformation caused by the battery overcharge).

13, small current charging repair method: using the tester has 700 ma small current charging mode 0) (function, or charging current selection in the default function pattern 3 L for up to 18 hours charging, can also be carried out after filling water. This method is the aging of the battery time is too long and serious sulfide battery also has the very good effect.

14, tester use to judge the battery internal whether there is open circuit. When the battery is internal open circuit (mostly caused by the dead of night inside the battery connected to the terminal part corrosion and open), battery discharge tester internally with tester of the relay will be issued a "creak" sound. Encounter the situation must be shut down immediately tester or battery tester is disconnected, so as to avoid damage to the equipment.

15, with tester coarse battery self-discharge and backwardness. With conventional way batteries placed after the along while, again with tester, normally 1 hour and end of the charging commonly, if the charging time more than 1 hours, and the longer the battery self-discharge more severe or lag behind.

16, general operation: with already a long time or the battery capacity decreased obviously, the first to get off the battery from the battery compartment, the tandem line down with electric welding, single access tester to general charge and discharge, such as select tester working mode 3, in 2 hour rate discharge in the process of continuously each battery voltage is measured with a multimeter (tester have voltage display function is observed voltage drops), will be elected by "backward" battery discharge capacity is insufficient. Before adding 1.050 dilute sulphuric acid to just see flow fluid appear (vertical observation is very convenient, with a flashlight or battery turn 90 degrees, make holes for profile, make redundant electrolyte overflow, back to turn over).Tester repair function, every time after the repair, battery stand for more than 0.5 4 hours and to measure the battery voltage, repeat repair, until capacity is similar or equal. After repair, the exhaust flow of electrolyte, wipe dry cell surface, install a raft cap, use PVC glue, PVC glue, decorative materials market is available) or chloroform - also known as chloroform (chemical reagent stores) adhesion to panels. Third, the matters needing attention in the process of repair

1, at any time the multi meter monitoring each battery voltage, battery heating situations, such as individual hole overflow electrolyte always suck with a syringe, prevent short circuit batteries, analysis of individual fever overflow electrolyte and holes, don't add electrolyte to timely rehydration with distilled water. Because individual hole fever is possible the single battery has serious short circuit, high internal resistance big or electrolyte specific gravity, here for a moment in the electrolyte specific gravity high priority. So before the repair with no against the best in sulfuric acid of distilled water. Set aside. Have to fever of battery manually choose 3 a or battery charging current in parallel, or with a water-cooling, fan blowing, etc in order to reduce the charging current and temperature rise phenomenon, because after the automatic repair function to sulfur is automatically charged with 3 a, if the repair of small capacity of electric vehicle battery when easy to cause fever and electrolyte overflow. Note: should be based on nominal capacity battery to choose the appropriate charge and discharge current.

2, repair process, if there are any cases under the phenomenon, the battery cannot be reused

(1) to check the battery shell temperature (can touch feeling), such as local temperature is higher than other parts of the temperature, electrolyte boiling, or a grid analysis gas serious (even during the day, for febrile severe as you can see the white hole flashlight a lattice gas emitted, the method is very spirit) that the cell plate have short circuit phenomenon.

(2) long time no access to electricity (voltage rise), sulfur to repair after continuous charging time is still not shown charging completed more than 10 hours, or a local batteries to serious, this is probably the single battery is internal short circuit, or plate caused fall off. Must be disconnected tester. Check voltage and entities charge voltage is too low or the low charge (not save electricity) can't use the battery, or need longer time to repair.

(3) in the tester is connected to the battery after start the machine, if the tester is not normal output voltage and current and "...Clicking "sound, the circuit inside the battery has been cut-off phenomenon make the tester can be normal, at this time should be removed the battery so as not to damage the tester.

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