What do you deal with discarded power batteries?

[Abstract] Four to eight years in the future, this stage promotes new energy vehicles battery will gradually discard. At the present, power battery recovery and development in our country is still in its infancy, and is still far from industrialization. The government and enterprise need to be stepped up layout, so as to avoid forming passive situation in the future.

With China's new energy automobile industry rapid development, power battery market will usher in huge growth, at the same time, the resulting power battery recycling problem will become increasingly prominent. In general, less than 80% of the initial capacity of power battery capacity that power battery life ends, can no longer be used on new energy vehicles. From the point of current technology, power cycle life of battery pack is 1000-1500 times or so, or service life for 5 years or so. Widely promoted as electric motors, power battery scrap quantity will be more and more, according to the China automotive technology research center, predicts that by 2020, our country electric power battery scrap amount will reach 120000-170000 tons scale. Therefore, China needs to establish a power battery cascade recycling industry chain.

Power battery cascade recycling situation in our country

1. The policy

Announced in July 2012 in our country's energy saving and new energy vehicles industry development planning (2012 ~ 2020) ", explicitly proposed "power utilization management measures, the establishment of power battery cascade utilization and recycling management system, clear the responsibility of the relevant parties, the rights and obligations. Guide the power battery production enterprises to strengthen the recycling of waste batteries, encourage the development of professional battery recycling enterprise." However, the planning of power and responsibility in the process of recycling and bear the party did not make specific provision.

In 2015, the ministry of finance and other four ministries jointly issued the application of new energy vehicles in 2016-2020 financial support policy notice, automobile production enterprises and power battery production enterprises the main body of power battery recycling responsibility, responsible for the power battery recycling.

To encourage recycling power battery production enterprises, many local governments are actively exploring. The policies of Shanghai, car companies power battery recycling government subsidy 1000 yuan/set; Shenzhen set up power battery use and recycling system: a car manufacturers out of every 600 yuan, the government took out 300 yuan, used for recovery of power battery, preliminary set up the system of battery recycling.

2. The current situation of the development

At present, including the state grid, local governments, enterprises and institutions such as battery enterprises are carrying out a research into the power battery arrangement in recycling, made some progress, but still belongs to the exploration stage, has not yet formed industrial chain.

Its Chinese company Zhejiang explore power battery in electric bicycle phase recovery. Priorities of Zhejiang electric power company in 2013 to establish a "power battery electric bicycle phase using the technology scheme, its batteries of electric cars scrap battery restructuring, transformation into a power source for 48 v electric bicycle, achieve energy conservation and emissions reduction.

Its Beijing company combines cell arrangement in use and quick charge. In March 2014, its Beijing branch hospital carried out a "electric vehicle power battery arrangement in using the technology research and demonstration" project, the project will return battery arrangement in use with dc fast charging station look, at the same time through the kilowatt access to energy storage system, dynamic adjusting the charging stations within the dc load, stable voltage node, reduce peak valley load difference in the charging station, improve the comprehensive operation efficiency of charging stations.

Its Chinese Henan company built micro grid system, and builds a set of power battery sorting, assessment, with the standardization of the process. Its Chinese company joint south Henan rui group, battery manufacturing enterprises and other units, by the basic theory, application technology and demonstration promotion, etc., to carry out comprehensive research and practice, to build retirement battery energy storage demonstration project, in the country take the lead in building a set of retired power battery from sorting and restructuring to the standardization of the energy storage using process. The project is located in Zhengzhou city Jianshan true type transmission line test base, is the first domestic real mixed micro grid system based on former power battery, alignment success after the run full 1 year in a row, the cumulative power supply more than 45000 kilowatt-hours, the system runs in good condition. In addition, led by its Chinese Henan electric power also discharged batteries sorting assessment technology platform, realized the safety assessment of retired battery, cycle life test and separation classification; For retired battery performance inconsistency, made the battery set of technical specifications, developed a highly efficient and reliable battery management system, improve the second cycle life of battery; Developed retired with different levels of voltage and capacity battery energy storage system, promoted the battery energy storage system in electric scooters and other small demonstration application in the field of energy storage.

Beijing science and technology commission through the site, substations and other modified car, achieved good economic effect. The Beijing municipal science and technology commission "electric car lithium ion batteries whole life cycle of system using the technology research and demonstration project "by his power battery, the electric field car, electric forklift and electric power substation dc system modification on demonstrations, checked by actual measured recovery on the battery performance compared to conventional lead-acid batteries have certain advantages, and the economy is good.

The problems of cascade recycling

Pilot use more able to dig more value of power battery, power battery as a whole to reduce costs, maximize the interest of the circular economy. But the pilot use still faces many difficulties and challenges, if you can't solve, difficult to realize industrialization.

1. The battery matching problem

Different car companies in our country the route of battery, battery types selection and assessment requirements for batteries vary, causing the battery model too much, different types of battery voltage, charging platform are different, so will cause great difficulties in cell separation process. Due to the energy storage battery large, often with hundred kw megawatt even as a unit, so the energy storage battery and battery matching problem is particularly outstanding.

2. With the matching problem of energy storage projects

Battery energy storage batteries belong to engineering properties, the construction of time and space is relatively concentrated, with clear time limit. Power battery belongs to the application of product attributes, out of the battery happen anytime and anywhere, and engineering properties of storage battery is not matching. If you have the energy storage projects, to recycle the battery on the market, there is no guarantee that aging; If the recovery battery storage at ordinary times, may increase the cost of recycling batteries, the process of storage battery at the same time, the performance also may change.

3. The problem of secondary battery cost

Battery arrangement in use process, its recovery, dismantling, sorting, transport, storage, the second group, each step need cost, especially the battery in the process of dismantling, due to different manufacturers battery structure, module connection, different process technology, automation equipment is difficult to complete, need the presence of large amounts of artificial operation, inefficient, and due to factors such as damage in the process of dismantling, the cost of uncertainty, how to effectively reduce the part of the cost, improve efficiency, to becoming the key factor of power battery cascade utilization effectively.

4. Security issues

The battery itself is energy carrier, even after completion of discharge. There are still some residual energy. In battery and dismantling process, due to the presence of large amounts of artificial operation, normative operation is difficult to guarantee, if once appear, improper operation, easy to short circuit, leakage and other problems, causing the explosion accidents such as fire.

Conclusion

Is expected in the next 4 to 8 years, the stage of promotion of new energy car battery will gradually discarded, at the current power battery recycling development, our country is still in its infancy, is still far from industrialization, the government, the enterprise needs to be stepped up layout, avoid forming passive situation in the future.

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