How many types of lithium batteries are there? What's the difference in performance?

According to the nature of the work can be divided into:

Primary batteries(primary batteries);

Primary batteries can be divided into: paste zinc manganese batteries, cardboard zinc manganese batteries, alkaline zinc manganese batteries, buckle zinc silver batteries, buckle lithium manganese batteries, buckle zinc manganese batteries, zinc air batteries, and primary lithium manganese batteries.

Secondary battery(rechargeable battery) lead-acid battery;

Secondary batteries can be divided into: cadmium nickel batteries, hydrogen nickel batteries, lithium ion batteries, secondary alkaline zinc and manganese batteries.

Lead acid battery can be divided into: open type lead acid battery, fully closed lead acid battery.

Lithium-ion battery: is a secondary battery(rechargeable battery) that relies mainly on lithium ions to move between positive and negative poles. During the charging and discharging process, Li + is embedded and de-embedded between the two electrodes: When charging, Li + is de-embedded from the positive electrode, the negative electrode is embedded through the electrolyte, and the negative electrode is in a lithium-rich state; When discharging, it is the opposite.

Lithium batteries are divided into lithium batteries and lithium ion batteries. Cell phones and laptops use lithium-ion batteries, commonly known as lithium batteries. Batteries generally use lithium-containing materials as electrodes and are representative of modern high-performance batteries. Real lithium batteries are rarely used in everyday electronics because of their high risk.

The lithium-ion battery was first developed by Sony Corporation of Japan in 1990. It is to insert lithium ions into carbon (petroleum coke and graphite) to form a negative electrode (lithium for lithium batteries or lithium alloys for conventional lithium batteries). The positive electrode material is commonly used for LixCoO2, LixNiO2, and LixMnO4, and LiPF6+diethylene carbonate (EC) + dimethyl carbonate (DMC) for the electrolyte.

Petroleum Coke and graphite negative electrode materials are non-toxic and have sufficient resources. Lithium-ion is embedded in carbon, overcoming the high activity of lithium, and solving the safety problems existing in traditional lithium batteries. Positive LixCoO2 can reach high levels in charge and discharge performance and life., To reduce the cost, in short, the comprehensive performance of lithium-ion batteries has improved. Lithium-ion batteries are expected to occupy a large market in the 21st century.

Lithium-ion secondary batteries are charged and discharged with LiCoO2 + C = Li1-xCoO2 + LixC.

Lithium-ion batteries are easily confused with the following two types of batteries:

(1) Lithium battery: negative electrode of metallic lithium.

(2) Lithium-ion batteries: use non-aqueous liquid organic electrolytes.

(3) Lithium-ion polymer batteries: use polymers to gel liquid organic solvents, or directly use all-solid electrolytes. Lithium-ion batteries generally use graphite carbon materials as negative poles.

It is manganese dioxide or thionyl chloride, and the negative electrode is lithium. After the battery is assembled, the battery has a voltage and does not need to be charged. Lithium-ion batteries (Li-ionBatteries) are the development of lithium batteries. For example, the button battery used in the previous camera was a lithium battery. The battery can also be charged, but the cycle performance is not good, and lithium crystals are easily formed during the charge and discharge cycle, causing internal short circuit of the battery, so in general, the battery is forbidden to be charged.

In 1982 R.R. Agarwal and J.R. Selman of the Illinois Institute of Technology discovered that lithium ions have the characteristics of embedded graphite. This process is rapid and reversible. At the same time, lithium batteries made of metallic lithium have received much attention for their safety hazards. Therefore, people try to use the characteristics of lithium ion embedded in graphite to make rechargeable batteries. The first available lithium-ion graphite electrode was successfully trial-produced by Bell Labs.

In 1983, M. Thackeray, J. Goodenough and others discovered that manganese spinel is an excellent positive material with low price, stability, and excellent conductive and lithium conductivity. Its decomposition temperature is high, and its oxidization is much lower than that of lithium cobalt. Even if there is a short circuit and overcharging, it can avoid the danger of combustion and explosion.

In 1989, A. Manthiram and J. Goodenough found that the positive electrode using polymeric anions would generate higher voltage.

In 1992, Sony Corporation of Japan invented a lithium battery with a carbon material as a negative electrode and a lithium compound as a positive electrode. During the charging and discharging process, there is no metallic lithium, only lithium ions, which is a lithium ion battery. Subsequently, lithium-ion batteries revolutionized consumer electronics. Such batteries, which use lithium cobalt acid as a positive material, are still the main power source for portable electronic devices.

In 1996 Padhi and Goodenough discovered that phosphates with olivine structure, such as lithium iron phosphate(LiFePO4), are more secure than traditional cathode materials, and are particularly resistant to high temperatures, and their rechargeable properties far exceed those of traditional lithium ion battery materials.

Looking at the history of battery development, it can be seen that the three characteristics of the current world battery industry development are the rapid development of green and environmentally friendly batteries, including lithium ion batteries, hydrogen and nickel batteries; The second is a battery to battery conversion, which is in line with the sustainable development strategy; Third, the battery is further developed in the direction of small, light and thin. In commercially available rechargeable batteries, lithium-ion batteries have the highest specific energy, especially polymer lithium-ion batteries, which can achieve thinning of rechargeable batteries. Because the volume of lithium-ion batteries is higher than energy and mass than energy, it can be charged and pollution-free, and it has the three major characteristics of the current battery industry development, so it has a rapid growth in developed countries. The development of the telecommunications and information market, especially the extensive use of mobile phones and laptops, has brought market opportunities for lithium-ion batteries. Polymer lithium-ion batteries in lithium-ion batteries will gradually replace liquid electrolyte lithium-ion batteries with their unique advantages in safety and become the mainstream of lithium-ion batteries. Polymer lithium-ion batteries are known as "batteries in the 21st century" and will open up a new era of batteries. The development prospects are very optimistic.

In March 2015, Sharp of Japan and Prof. Tanaka of Kyoto University successfully developed a lithium-ion battery with a service life of up to 70 years. The long-lived lithium ion battery produced this time has a volume of 8 cubic centimeters and can charge and discharge 25,000 times. Sharp also said that after the longevity lithium-ion battery was actually recharged and discharged 10,000 times, its performance remained stable.

Steel shell / aluminum shell / cylinder / flexible packaging series:

(1) Positive-Active substances are generally lithium manganese acid or lithium cobalt acid, nickel cobalt manganese acid material, electric bicycles are commonly used nickel cobalt manganese acid Lithium(commonly known as ternary) or ternary + a small amount of lithium manganese acid, Pure lithium manganate and lithium iron phosphate gradually fade out due to large size, poor performance or high cost. The electrode fluid uses electrolytic aluminum foil with a thickness of 10-20 microns.

(2) diaphragm-a specially formed polymer film with a micro-porous structure that allows lithium ions to pass freely without electrons passing through.

(3) Negative-The active substance is graphite, or carbon similar to the graphite structure. Electrolytic copper foil with a thickness of 7-15 microns is used for conductive set fluids.

(4) Organic electrolyte-Carbonate solvents that dissolve Lithium hexafluorophosphate, and gel electrolytes for polymers.

(5) Battery shell-divided into steel shell(Square is rarely used), aluminum shell, nickel-plated iron shell(used for cylindrical batteries), aluminum plastic film(soft packaging), etc., as well as the cap of the battery, is also the positive and negative pole of the battery.

According to the different electrolyte materials used in lithium-ion batteries, lithium-ion batteries are divided into liquid lithium-ion batteries(LIB for short) and polymer lithium-ion batteries(PolymerLithium-IonBattery, abbreviated as PLB).

Lithium-ion battery(Li -- Ion)

Rechargeable lithium-ion batteries are currently the most widely used batteries in modern digital products such as mobile phones and notebook computers, but they are more "delicate" and can not be overcharged or over-discharged during use(which will damage or scrap the battery). Therefore, there are protective components or protective circuits on the battery to prevent expensive battery damage. Lithium-ion batteries require high charging requirements. To ensure that the termination voltage accuracy is within ± 1 %, major semiconductor device plants have developed a variety of ICs for lithium ion battery charging to ensure safe, reliable and rapid charging.

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