How does lithium battery do waste recycling to reuse?

It is well known that traditional dry batteries and lead-acid batteries can cause great harm to the environment if they are not recovered and processed properly. In contrast, lithium-ion batteries are generally considered to be "green batteries" that are environmentally friendly and pollution-free. In particular, under the deliberate propaganda of many power battery companies, the impression of lithium-ion batteries seems to be completely "insulated" from pollution.

However, the fact is that improper production and recycling of lithium-ion batteries can also cause pollution. At the current rate of development of new energy vehicles, if power battery recycling is not studied and accumulated as soon as possible, as Wang Fang, chief expert of the China Automotive Technology Research Center and director of the New Energy Office, said, decades later, Our children and grandchildren may live in an environment full of used batteries and electric cars.

How does lithium-ion battery go out "pollution first and then treat" old road?

1, face the pollution problem of lithium ion batteries

At present, the global electric vehicle market(excluding fuel cell vehicles), its power cell types mainly include lithium iron phosphate, lithium manganese acid, lithium cobalt acid, nickel cobalt manganese(ternary), etc. These batteries are retired after retirement. It will become a potential "source of pollution."

Lithium-ion batteries do not contain toxic heavy metal elements such as mercury, cadmium, and lead, but the positive and negative electrode materials and electrolyte solutions of lithium-ion batteries still have a great impact on the environment and human health. Therefore, if waste lithium-ion batteries are used for ordinary waste treatment(including landfill, incineration, compost, etc.), Among them, cobalt, nickel, lithium, manganese and other metals, as well as inorganic and organic compounds, will inevitably cause serious pollution to the atmosphere, water, and soil and have great harm. Substances in used lithium-ion batteries can cause heavy metal nickel, cobalt pollution(including arsenic), fluorine pollution, organic pollution, dust and acid-base pollution if they enter the environment. The electrolytes and transformation products of used lithium ion batteries, such as LiPF6, LiAsF6, LiCF3SO3, HF, P2O5, etc., solvents and their decomposition and hydrolysis products, such as DME, methanol, formic acid, etc., are toxic and harmful substances that can cause personal injury. Even death.

According to relevant media statistics, with the development rate of electric vehicles in China, if by 2020, the market stock of electric vehicles exceeds 5 million vehicles, estimated by an average of 20 kWh of batteries in one vehicle, about 100 million kWh(1000 GWh) Lithium-ion batteries enter the automotive market. If the recovery is not properly handled, the environmental damage will be several times that of dry batteries and lead-acid batteries.

And how to recycle and use the power batteries of cars retired can not wait for the development of the electric car market to consider and plan. At present, it is urgent to carry out research and practice in technology, market, industry, policy, environmental protection, etc., and improve related supporting measures in the power battery post-market.

2,It is important to study and accumulate industrialization as early as possible

At this stage, in the recycling of power cells, "ladder utilization" is a more green and environmentally friendly approach that the government and industry believes that it can not only maximize the value of products, but also maximize the benefits of the recycling economy.

At the national level, relevant enabling policies, industry norms and standards for power cell echelons are being actively developed.

On October 18, the Department of Equipment Industry of the Ministry of Industry and Information Technology began to solicit opinions on the National recommended standard "Vehicle power battery Code". The standard implements "full life cycle traceability and management" for the production, sale, use, maintenance, recovery, terraced use, and recycling of automotive power batteries. The relevant leaders of the Equipment Industry Department of the Ministry of Industry and Information Technology said that the recycling and utilization of power batteries will be based on the product's "full life cycle traceability and management" to achieve the full range of control of power batteries from "birth" to "regeneration". Make the power cell reliable, traceable, and controllable throughout the node.

3, academic research on the use of power battery echelon is also in full swing.

Wang Fang, chief expert of China automotive technology research center and director of new energy unit, introduced the latest research results and research direction of power battery echelon utilization at the conference on "power battery materials and comprehensive utilization" held on November 2nd by 100 people of electric vehicles in China.

She said that at present, there are still difficulties in realizing echelon utilization in China. The main performance is that the market mechanism is not perfect and the policies and regulations are not perfect; Lack of historical data; Uncertainty of the stage utilization scene; The difficulty of battery dismantling and the high cost and high risk of recombination; The increase in safety hazards after the use of steps and so on.

Wang Fang proposed that to realize the echelon utilization of power cells, it is necessary to establish a full-life monitoring system for power cells to assess the health status of batteries in real time. The evaluation and monitoring of the battery should be placed throughout the battery life cycle, rather than waiting for the battery to be eliminated before testing and screening.

Regarding the way to achieve full life cycle monitoring, Wang explained that the battery must be coded from the production line to give it a unique "identity card." Since then, the battery has been monitored, including every part of production and use. The monitoring system monitors and evaluates it from time to time. In the process of monitoring, the system will evaluate the health status of the battery based on the entire assessment system and obtain data. These data are implementable, unique and comprehensive and can be traced back to the full time.

"Monitoring systems assess the state of the battery, just as health doctors assess the state of a person's health. After the battery has been evaluated for health, after the middle integration process, it can correctly match the scenes that can be used step by step, including high-end areas such as scenery energy storage, as well as low-end areas such as home energy storage. "Wang Fang said.

The page contains the contents of the machine translation.