How many kinds of power batteries and what are their advantages and disadvantages?

How many kinds of power batteries and what are their advantages and disadvantages?

Recently, the Ministry of Industry and Information Technology announced the "Regulations on the Standards of Automotive power battery Industry" (fourth batch). A total of 32 companies were selected in catalogue, and battery catalogue will also determine whether new energy vehicles can enjoy subsidies. This show how important of power battery for new energy vehicles. The power battery not only affects endurance of new energy vehicles, but also safety of new energy vehicles. This article will help you to understand the types of power batteries used in new energy vehicles and their respective advantages and disadvantages.

Today, power batteries can be roughly divided into three types: nickel-hydrogen batteries, lead-acid batteries, and lithium-ion batteries. Nickel-metal hydride batteries are synthesized from hydrogen ions and metallic nickel, and are mostly used in hybrid vehicles. Lead-acid batteries are batteries whose electrodes are mainly made of lead and its oxides, and whose electrolyte is a sulfuric acid solution; lithium-ion batteries are a kind of Secondary battery (rechargeable battery), which mainly relies on the movement of lithium ions between the positive electrode and the negative electrode, is the main type of power battery for mainstream new energy vehicles.

Lithium-ion batteries are classified into the following categories according to the materials used in their positive electrodes: lithium cobalt oxide batteries, lithium manganese oxide batteries, lithium iron phosphate batteries, and ternary lithium batteries.

The lithium cobalt oxide battery is the earliest lithium battery, and its capacity density is its characteristic, but its safety and stability are poor, and it is widely used in the field of digital electronics. Due to its poor safety and stability, it is not suitable for most new energy vehicles. However, due to its superior endurance, Tesla is favored. The Tesla Roadster uses lithium cobalt oxide batteries.

Lithium manganate battery is currently the mainstream power battery, and its comprehensive ability is excellent. Medium density, low price, safety and environmental protection are favored by many new energy vehicle companies. Japan and South Korea have been leading the world in lithium manganese oxide batteries. In the use of new energy vehicles, such as Nissan Leaf, etc. are used.

Lithium iron phosphate batteries are widely used in domestic new energy vehicles. Its biggest advantage is that its safety, stability and longevity are called "hegemonic level" in other types of lithium batteries, but its low capacity density and low endurance limit its ability to "one big one". BYD E6, BYD Qin and so on use lithium iron phosphate battery.

The ternary lithium battery is a new type of lithium battery that has recently emerged. Its cathode material is mixed with nickel-cobalt-manganese in a certain proportion. Its advantages are high capacity density and strong endurance, but its safety performance is slightly worse than lithium cobalt oxide battery. Tesla ModelS uses a ternary lithium battery.

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