Selection Standard for Lithium Battery

What's a lithium battery? Our commonly used smart-phone batteries belong to lithium batteries, so what is the principle of lithium batteries? How should we choose them?

I, Principle of Lithium Battery-Introduction

Lithium batteries, a battery that was invented by Edison as a negative electrode material using a non-aqueous electrolyte solution, is a Redox reaction of Li + MnO2 = LiMnO2. Due to the very lively chemical properties of lithium metals, they have not been widely used for a long time. However, with the rapid development of science and technology, lithium batteries have gradually become the mainstream.

II. Principle of Lithium Battery-Classification

Lithium batteries can be divided into lithium metal batteries and lithium ion batteries. Among them, lithium-ion batteries do not contain lithium in the metal state and can be charged. They are now widely available in the market. Rechargeable lithium metal batteries were also developed in 1996 and are superior to lithium ion batteries in terms of safety, capacity, and cost effectiveness. However, their own technical requirements are relatively high. Currently, applications are not very extensive.

III. Principle of Lithium Battery -- Lithium Metal Battery

Lithium metal batteries often use manganese dioxide MnO2 as a positive electrode material, lithium Li or its alloy as a negative electrode material, and batteries using non-aqueous electrolyte solutions. The chemical equation for the discharge reaction is Li + MnO2 = LiMnO2.

IIII. Principle of Lithium Battery -- Lithium-ion Battery

Lithium-ion batteries often use lithium alloy metal oxides as positive electrode materials, graphite as negative electrode materials, and batteries using non-aqueous electrolyte solutions. The chemical equation of the positive pole at the time of charging is LiCoO2 = Li(1-x) CoO2 + XLi + Xe-(electron), and the negative chemical equation is 6C + XLi + Xe-= LixC6. The total battery reaction at charging is LiCoO2 +6 C = Li(1-x) CoO2 + LixC6.

V. Principle of Lithium Battery -- Positive Pole

The lithium battery positive electrode material is usually lithium iron phosphate LiFePO4, but it also has a variety of different choices. Each positive electrode material and its distinction are shown in the figure below. Taking LiFePO4 as an example, the chemical equation of the positive pole at charging is LiFePO4 → Li1-xFePO4 + xLi + + XE-, and the chemical equation of the positive pole at discharge is Li1-xFePO4 + xLi + XE-→ LiFePO4.

VI. Lithium battery principle -- negative electrode

Lithium battery negative electrode material is usually graphite, but studies have found that titanate may be a better lithium battery negative electrode material. When charging, lithium ions are embedded, and the chemical equation of the negative pole is xLi + + XE-+6C → LixC6; During discharge, lithium ions are de-embedded, and the chemical equation of the negative pole is LixC6 → xLi + XE-+6 C.

VII. Principle of Lithium Battery -- Selection Method

1) There is no clearly identified capacity: those without a clearly identified capacity(such as 1000 mAh or 1000 mAh) are likely to be inferior batteries or recycled batteries;

2) There is no guarantee of standby time: in the case of unstable battery quality, it is impossible to guarantee standby time to customers;

3) Whether or not to install a safety protection plate: In the absence of a safety protection plate, a lithium battery may be in danger of deformation, leakage, or even explosion.

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