What is the difference between capacitor and battery?

What is the difference between capacitor and battery?

The supercapacitor is a carbon-based active material plus conductive carbon black mixed with a binder as a pole piece material, and the polarized electrolyte used to adsorb positive and negative ions in the electrolyte to form an electric double layer structure for energy storage, and the energy storage process does not substantially occur. Chemical reaction, so the cycle life is very long.

For the battery, a lead-acid battery taken as an example. A lead-acid battery is made of a lead plate filled with sponge lead as a negative electrode, a lead plate filled with lead dioxide used as a positive electrode, and 1.28% of dilute sulfuric acid used as an electrolyte. When charging, electrical energy converted into chemical energy, which converted into electrical energy during discharge. When the battery discharged, the metal lead is a negative electrode, which undergoes an oxidation reaction and oxidized to lead sulfate; the lead dioxide is a positive electrode, and a reduction reaction occurs, and reduced to lead sulfate. When the battery charged by direct current, the two poles respectively produce lead and lead dioxide. After removing the power supply, it returns to the state before discharge to form a chemical battery. A lead storage battery is a battery that can be repeatedly charged and discharged, and called a secondary battery.

The use of the two is also different. The supercapacitor has low energy density, but its excellent cycle performance, environmental protection and high power make it widely used in backup power supply, high frequency charge and discharge, high power output, etc. While the battery energy density is high, but its own principle limits its life, and overcharge and over discharge will cause irreversible trauma, and it is not environmentally friendly, but in the absence of finding energy storage components that can replace such high energy density, the future is very long. Time is still the world of batteries (lithium-ion batteries), and even replace fuels such as gasoline to become the mainstream of automotive kinetic energy.

The relationship between the two is that the advantages of the high-power output of the supercapacitor and the ability to accept large current charge and discharge and the high energy density of the battery can used as an improvement in battery life and energy saving of the electric vehicle.

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Supercapacitors and batteries are energy storage components. However, there is a difference. The energy storage process of supercapacitors is a physical process, and battery energy storage is a process of chemical reaction. There is a fundamental difference between the two.

The power characteristics of supercapacitors are better than those of batteries are, and can be charged and discharged quickly with large currents. The energy density of batteries is higher than that of supercapacitors, and the energy stored in batteries of the same volume is more.

Due to the super-capacitor charging physical process, the life span is long. Generally, the number of charge and discharge times is more than 500,000 times, and the number of battery charge and discharge is much less. The lead-acid battery is 500 times, and the lithium battery is 1000--1500 times. Different types of the number of charge and discharge times is different;

Super capacitors operate at temperatures wider than the battery, -40 to 65 degrees.

In some cases where high power discharge is required and higher energy is required, it is possible to use a combination of a super capacitor and a battery to exploit the advantages of both.

A capacitor is a charge storage device. When a charge is stored to a certain amount, it has a certain amount of energy. The stored power derived from an external power source. The function of the capacitor is very similar to that of a pool. The battery is a conversion device for electric energy, which outputs electric energy by converting chemical energy into electric energy, and the electric energy output thereof derived from chemical energy. Even a battery, in the process of charging, converts electrical energy into chemical energy, which stores chemical energy rather than electrical energy. The battery functions very much like a "solid" generator with no moving parts.

Two different devices, one providing energy and one holding charge.

Capacitors can store charge, and in some cases can replace the battery, but need to charged, such as a farad capacitor.

Batteries typically use a chemical reaction to generate a voltage.

Rechargeable batteries also operate using electrochemical reactions.

The battery cannot replace the capacitor.

They are all electrical components, and they are all energy storage components. The common capacitance is that an insulating material separates the two metal electrodes, and then the structure of the outer casing protected. The electrolytic capacitor also has an electrolyte. Generally, the capacitor used for coupling, filtering, decoupling, etc. They all used as "instant power supply", so the energy provided is not very large, so there is not much energy required to store the capacitor. The battery is also two electrodes, but usually has a large amount of electrochemical material, which converts electrical energy into chemical energy during charging, and converts chemical energy into electrical energy during discharge. The characteristics of the battery and capacitor are a bit close.

The main thing is not:

1. The battery stores a lot of power and the capacitors are stored less.

2. The battery is slower and the capacitor is charging very fast.

3. Most of the capacitors can charged at a high current, but the battery is less likely to charge with a large current.

With the development of electronic technology, the capacity of the capacitor is now getting bigger and bigger, and the battery gradually replaced in many places. For example, many faucets that are automatically flushed now use super capacitors (capacitors with very large capacity) instead of batteries, and real-time. Many of the clock circuits (most of which consume power in the microampere level) also use supercapacitors instead of batteries. Last year, China also developed supercapacitors for automotive power supply, replacing the batteries to power the car engines.

Capacitance is an electrical component. It is made of aluminum foil; middle plate is made of insulated ends and wires, straight through performance. It rely on the amount of charge and discharge of the two plates. A battery is a chemical reaction that adsorbs charge to store energy. Battery and capacitor are two distinct concepts

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