How to deal with waste batteries in daily life

The landfill.Can be prescribed by the state, the landfill waste battery first place, the battery with plastic bags or paper bags, and then dig a big pit, buried the waste batteries of the pit.

Burned.Burned, must choose the right place, should choose as far as possible in the mountains of far away from human living area or other remote places to burn, in order to make the harm to human beings to a minimum.

Centralized processing.The waste battery is focused on the recycling of waste batteries in the trash can, waiting for the sanitation workers to recovery and processing.

Try not to throw the battery in the soil, the water!Paper, fruit and vegetable leather shell, glass, metal scrap appliances discarded after all became living garbage, especially all kinds of food packaging bags, disposable lunch boxes, plastic bags and other plastic waste has become a worldwide environmental hazards, general plastic products in nature, go through 200-400 can be completely decomposed, if put it buried in the soil will affect the growth of crops, livestock eat by mistake will endanger their health, if burned and will release a great deal of toxic gases, endanger human health.And used batteries harm is also big, the size of a button battery, once its toxic substances into the water, will be 600 cubic meters of water pollution, and endanger the survival of aquatic animals and plants.

Mercury in waste batteries did not pose a threat to the environment

Mercury evaporating temperature is low, it is a bigger toxicity of heavy metals.In many parts of the soil also contains trace amounts of mercury, the mercury in the process of mining, refining, mercury products processing, such as sealing is not complete, the release of mercury into the air (steam) had a great influence to the health of operator.

Although mercury content in the cell, but because it is additive, its content is very few.Even high mercury battery, mercury content in general are less than one over one thousand of the weight of the battery.Battery industry in China with the amount of mercury in the year and in polyvinyl chloride (PVC) with a mercury method, or method of mercury alchemy, or high mercury lead-zinc mine acquisition of enterprises in the amount of mercury in waste water.Mercury waste batteries, because of the large battery consumption area since life garbage disposal system, the impact on the environment than the mercury wastewater are a chemical enterprise the impact of the much smaller, and the battery use stainless steel or carbon steel outer wrapping, effectively prevent the leakage of mercury.And disperse the waste battery discarded in the living garbage and its harm, objectively could not have caused the dangers of minamata disease and so on.Minamata disease is a chemical industry enterprise in Japan for decades to a river discharge a large amount of wastewater containing mercury, mercury in the downstream drainage gradually accumulated.

Alkaline batteries can be directly into the ordinary bins.Alkaline manganese batteries and battery is commonly used in flashlights, toys, remote control, fire alarm.These batteries ranged from AAA to 9 volt.In many places, such batteries have been prescribed for general garbage, can handle in general.

For alkaline manganese mixed rechargeable battery or nickel, can also be lost to ordinary trash can.These batteries and other municipal waste treatment is safe.

Zinc carbon batteries with ordinary garbage processing.The battery is widely considered durable, model across all kinds of standard type, and the design is safe.And alkaline batteries, these batteries can be thrown into ordinary bins.

Button battery requires with hazardous waste treatment.The battery used in hearing AIDS, watches and other items, contain mercuric oxide, lithium, silver and zinc oxide gas.These are all harmful substances, should handle with other harmful household rubbish, special treatment or with other appropriate ways.

The lithium batteryOr lithium ion batteries are thrown into the battery recycling center.Lithium electricityPool in the many small appliances, is considered to be no major risk of the battery.Battery recycling center will accept these batteries.

The harm of waste battery is mainly concentrated in it contains a small amount of heavy metals, such as lead, mercury, cadmium, etc.

1, mercury has obvious neurotoxicity, in addition to the endocrine system, immune system and so on also is bad, can cause pulse quickened, muscle tremor, oral cavity and digestive system disease.

2, cadmium elements through various channels to enter the body, is difficult to eliminate, long-term savings and bone damage the nervous system, hematopoietic function, it can even cause cancer.

3, lead can cause neurasthenia, hands and feet numbness, indigestion, abdominal cramps, blood poisoning and other lesions;Manganese can harm the nervous system.

Waste battery recycling process generally has the following steps:

1. Classification.To recycle used batteries smash, remove the zinc iron shell and the bottom of the battery, remove the copper cap and graphite rod, the rest of the black thing is as a mixture of manganese dioxide and ammonium chloride battery core, the above material concentration respectively after collection processing, can get some useful material.The graphite rod used as electrode again after the water washing and drying.

2. The zinc granule.Will be stripped of zinc shell after wash put in cast iron pan, heat melt and heat preservation for 2 hours, remove the upper scum, pouring cooling, drop on the iron plate, after being frozen for a quick zinc grains.

3. The recovery of copper.Flattening the copper cap after washed with hot water, add a certain amount of 10% of sulfuric acid, boiling for 30 minutes to remove the surface oxide layer, remove to rinse, drying for a quick copper.

4. Recycling ammonium chloride.Black material to be included in the cylinder, stir in 60 oc warm water for 1 hour, all make the ammonium chloride dissolved in water, stationary, filtering, water residue in 2 times, collect mother liquor;In the mother liquor vacuum distillation until white crystal film surface appear, cooling, filtering, ammonium chloride crystals, mother liquor recycling.

5. The recovery of manganese dioxide.Will be filtered residue washed 3 times, filter, filter cake into the pot boiled to remove a little of the carbon and other organic matter, again 30 minutes into the water fully mixing, filtering, the filter cake from 100 to 110 oc drying, for a quick black manganese dioxide.

Waste batteries harm: (1) on the environment, a grain of small button battery can be 600 cubic meters of water pollution, the equivalent of a man's life's water consumption;Section dry cell can be 12 cubic meters of water, a cubic meter of soil pollution, and cause permanent pollution...(2) to human beings: we use the ordinary dry-cell batteries, mainly include acid zinc manganese battery and alkaline zinc manganese battery, they all contain mercury, lead, zinc, manganese, cadmium and other heavy metal material.Abandoned waste batteries, battery shell will slowly corrosion, the heavy metal material will gradually penetrate into bodies of water and soil, cause pollution.The biggest characteristic of heavy metal pollution is that it is in nature can't degradation, only the migration.That is to say, once the water or soil pollution, water or soil can not lead their purification will eliminate pollution, at the same time also in heavy metal easy accumulated in organisms, which varies with the passage of time, the affable to a certain amount, then produce teratogenic or to change the role, eventually led to the deaths of organisms.Heavy metals to human body harm another way is through the food chain.Fish, shrimp, after eating the plankton containing heavy metals, heavy metals accumulated in fish, shrimp, after the people to eat such fish, shrimp, heavy metals will be accumulated in the body, after reaching a certain amount, would have serious impact on the human body.In addition to the minamata disease of mercury pollution, other are: excessive mn accumulation in the body can cause nerve dysfunction, early performance for comprehensive function disorder, the heavier words appear drab, inflexible, emotional indifference, accompanied by mental symptoms.Long-term consumption of water and food contaminated with cadmium, which can lead to bone pain disease, cadmium enters the body, cause bone softening skeleton deformation, serious when forming the natural fractures, so that death.Zinc salts can make protein precipitation, can irritate the skin and mucous membrane, when in the water concentration of more than 10-50 mg/l in the risk of cancer, can cause chemical pneumonia.Lead ACTS on the nervous system, hematopoietic system, digestive system, and the liver, kidney and other organs, can inhibit the synthesis of hemoglobin metabolism, also can be applied directly to mature red blood cells, for infant and young children is very big, it will lead to children's physical retardation, chronic lead in children's mental retardation.Nickel powder dissolved in the blood, to participate in the body circulation, has the strong toxicity, can damage the central nervous, cause blood vessel variation, serious cause cancer.Waste battery recycling status: although Beijing eight years of age have begun to know that used batteries can't throw.They will use small tall old batteries into special recycling bins.The behavior of the waste battery recycling is popularized in Beijing shopping malls, office, trash can next to the past will now added a battery recycling bins.Collect the waste battery is rapidly increasing, in the first half of this year Beijing has collected nearly tons of waste batteries.But they used batteries are in an embarrassing situation, piling up and not properly handled.At present Beijing used batteries was eventually shipped to "Beijing useful recycling center".The center is a subsidiary of Beijing municipal administration committee, responsible for waste recycle and transit.Recycling center is also now for used batteries to worry.Business dept section chief said Lu Jianguo, recycling center from April 1998 to Beijing the recycle of waste battery, in those days of scrap for 7 tons, reduced from nearly 40 tonnes last year, has collected more than 100 tons.Most of the waste batteries are still in the container of recycling centers, the collection of waste batteries also can only be stored here waiting to be processed, because there is no special battery plant for scientific harmless recycling.Is not only a Beijing for used batteries was in a hurry, all over the country to collect waste batteries region are hard.Recently, the Shanghai authorities, waste battery pollution prevention project meeting, the experts actively contribute ideas.But in the end, feasible scheme is still will have to recycle used batteries properly stored, waiting for the city of safe landfill site of hazardous waste landfill site again once it is completed.Guangxi Nanning city to carry out the "environmental action into family" series of activities, has collected a lot of number of waste batteries.In order to recycling, Nanning city environmental protection bureau treatment technology for waste battery via the Internet.Two months passed, and did not hear the exciting news.Henan Xinxiang a Soho to dry cell and its harm to environment, at his own expense to collect more than 20 tons of waste batteries.Has she published in the journal China environment news letter spit out the bitter, can't for the 20 tons of waste batteries found the home of a will not pollute the environment.Calm down from the environmental protection enthusiasm of people suddenly found that deal with used batteries it is much more difficult than recycling!Recycling methods: laboratory recycling method: ordinary dry-cell batteries is cylindrical, outer barrel is made from zinc, the zinc tube is the battery cathode;Tube central carbon anode;Within the cylinder for manganese dioxide, ammonium chloride and zinc chloride.Here are two kinds of waste dry battery material recycling methods: (1) to extract the ammonium chloride: dark matter in the battery in water mixing and filtering, the part of the filtrate in the evaporation pan evaporation, the white solid, reheat, using "sublimation" collection of pure ammonium chloride.(2) preparing zinc granule: the zinc on the zinc cylinder cut into pieces, in the crucible for strong heat (zinc melting point of 419 degrees), page will cautiously after melting zinc into cold water and zinc granule.Industrial recycling method: on the waste battery treatment of internationally to roughly three: curing deep, deposited in the mine waste and recycling.1.Curing deep, deposited in the waste mine such as France, a plant extract nickel and cadmium, and nickel, used for steelmaking and cadmium is used in the production of the battery again.The rest of the all kinds of waste battery are generally shipped to special toxic or hazardous waste landfill, but this is not only cost too much cause waste, but also because there are a lot of useful material for raw materials.2.Recycling (1) heat treatment Switzerland has two special processing using the old battery factory, batlle g company approach is to grind the old battery, and then sent to a heating furnace, then can be extracted volatile mercury, at higher temperature zinc evaporation, also it is a precious metal.Iron and manganese become steelmaking required ferromanganese alloys after fusion.The plant for processing 2000 tons of waste battery, may obtain 780 ton ferromanganese alloys, 400 tons of zinc alloy and 3 tons of mercury.Another factory is directly extracted from battery iron, and manganese oxide, zinc oxide, copper oxide and nickel oxide and other metal compounds as the direct selling scrap metal.However, the method of heat treatment cost is higher, the Swiss also stipulates to each cell a small amount of waste battery in machining fees charged by the buyer.(2) "wet process" magdeburg faubourgs (a "wet process" device that is being built here in addition to the lead-acid batteries, all kinds of battery are dissolved in the sulfuric acid, and then draws support from all kinds of metal ion resin extracted from solution, in this way to obtain materials heat treatment method of pure, so in the market price is higher, and the battery contains 95% of all kinds of material can be extracted.Wet process can save sorting links (because sorting is a manual operation, would increase the cost).Magdeburg superimposes the annual processing capacity of 7500 tons, although the cost is slightly higher than the landfill, but valuable raw materials from discarded, will not pollute the environment.(3) the vacuum heat treatment method of vacuum heat treatment method developed by German art company cheaper, but this needs sorting out in the waste battery first nickel-cadmium batteries, scrap batteries in a vacuum heating and evaporation of mercury in the bottom, can be recycled, and then the remaining raw material grinding, metallic iron were extracted with a magnet, and extracted from the remaining powder of nickel and manganese.This processing one ton of waste batteries cost less than 1500 mark.Outlook: four, prospects for now, the environmental protection consciousness of people had very big rise, such as Beijing, Shanghai and other cities have already found a place for waste batteries on the special barrels.Believe in the near future, the recycling of waste batteries will get very good solve.3. 1 waste battery recycling technology (refer to), UPS and large capacity free maintenance lead-acid batteries renewable liquid supplement 2 protection, in addition to the compound lead-acid battery 3, method of processing including metal waste 4, remove and recycle of mercury from waste battery method 5, extract method of zinc and manganese dioxide from waste dry cell 6, from discarded in the lithium battery cathode material method of 7, from the waste lithium ion batteries.

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