What about the lithium battery technology in China, Japan and South Korea?

The rise of battery enterprises laid a certain technical base for China's electric car revolution, but the electric car industry to really catch DE super day, need further technical research and industrialization in a timely manner.

The development of Chinese electric car is about to enter the first ten years. As electric power battery of the heart, the industrial structure should have appeared.

Global power battery sales in 2017 fifth, the Shenzhen Walter of China power battery sales of the third battery co., LTD., the parent company established revell can (300116 SZ) in early April since the $2 billion debt default, the overall debt is as high as 22.138 billion yuan.In addition, many small and medium-sized power battery enterprises have closed down under cost pressure.On the other side, the 2017 global power battery sales in the first era of ningde new energy technology co., LTD. (hereinafter referred to as CATL) in early April that it would be success, valued at more than 1300 one hundred million yuan.

In addition to internal shuffling situation, Japan and South Korea in the global market your community strong circled in the competitive landscape, the competitiveness of China's new energy vehicles?If there is a chance to bend overtaking?Recently, the Chinese academy of sciences, China electric car c ming-gao ouyang, executive vice director of accept caijing reporter interview, said China's electric vehicle technology, the bottom line is.Back can haveLithium iron phosphate batteriesGuaranteed, into a new generationLithium ion power battery。

China's power battery attack and defence

Caijing: power battery development route in China?

Ming-gao ouyang: 11th five-year plan focus on developing the positive ion battery, lithium iron phosphate lithium on the 12th, focus on developing the three yuan positive lithium ion battery, much starker choices-and graver consequences-in three yuan is focusing on research and development of high nickel anode + silicon carbon anode of lithium ion battery.

Caijing: mature domestic research of lithium iron phosphate batteries?The ternary lithium batteryCompared with the lithium iron phosphate, what are the disadvantages?

Ming-gao ouyang: lithium iron phosphate batteries is the bottom line of the electric car revolution technology.Although specific capacity under three yuan lithium batteries, lithium iron phosphate battery technology mature, rich material, cost control and high safety.At present, the advanced batteries, lithium iron phosphate has in its potential on the electric car, travel distance 500 km, both safety and economy.

Lithium iron phosphate and three yuan is the positive material of the lithium batteries.Ternary lithium batteries to achieve the higher specific energy, but there are still security, the cost of raw materials, service life and so on.The improvement of technical barriers is to encourage the progress of technology, higher requirements for the safety of the lithium ion battery.

Caijing: ternary lithium battery now considered a mainstream power battery route, many enterprises move to higher energy density, technology is more complexThree yuan power batteryProduction and technical status quo of Chinese ternary lithium battery?The difficulty in where?

Ming-gao ouyang: the research and development of battery samples than energy can reach 300 w/kg is three yuan NCM811 + silicon carbon anode of lithium ion battery, but security especially overcharge security challenges.In 2020, 811, the anode, silicon carbon negative, the combination of liquid electrolyte is likely to become the mainstream product (also some Japanese and Korean battery experts think from the perspective of performance comprehensive balance the positive May 622 is a better choice).

Industrialization of ternary soft package battery in 2020 at 300 watts/kg of the target is not a problem.Once the core is the industrialization of mass production, raw materials, production process can meet the demand.After 811 lithium ion battery industrialization, restricted to the anode material.From the perspective of the industrialization of energy than 350 watts/kg will be very difficult.

Caijing: high nickel is the development trend?

Ming-gao ouyang: high nickel is currently a trend, main is to reduce dependence on cobalt, making the cost control.Drops to usage of the cobalt is an inevitable trend.

Caijing: China will follow Japan panasonic development route?For example, the development of cylindrical 18650 811 lithium batteries.

Ming-gao ouyang: panasonic's 18650 for small capacity, easier to achieve high specific energy index.After the small battery can avoid volume amplification of uneven material, polarization, and other issues.But because the electrolyte dry easily, so relatively short service life.But China will not blindly follow the research path of panasonic, select material is different also.Our country is nickel cobalt manganese, panasonic is aluminum nickel and cobalt.Security is bad control of aluminum nickel and cobalt, manganese is relatively more stable.

Caijing: lithium ion battery is the mainstream of the middle route?

Mid ming-gao ouyang: lithium ion battery is always the main products, will not easily be reversed.But, the cathode and the electrolyte is subject to change.In addition, lithium, lithium sulfur because air is full of uncertainty, in the field of automotive industrialization prospect remains to be seen.

The advantages and disadvantages of lithium-ion battery technology in China

Caijing: at present, the global lithium electricity, China, South Korea and Japan say, is how to form such a situation?

Ming-gao ouyang, mainly because of China, South Korea and Japan have a lithium battery industry base, the Japan and South Korea, China's industrial base from the cell phone battery.When the lithium battery technology appear, the global most car companies in the fuel cell, prospects do not look good power battery.First in China to study the fuel cell is given priority to, but because there is no fuel cell related industry base, base material and membrane electrode Japan there is a big gap with the United States.Later repeated comparative advantage to a domestic industry, and the characteristics of the traffic system, put forward is characterized by lithium electricity first "pure electric" strategy, finally with Japan and South Korea in the same camp, and in the new industrialization led the world in terms of energy.

Europe and the United States it is hard to appear large lithium electricity enterprise, is mainly because of the late start, weak industrial base.

Caijing: why is it said that China's industrial advantage and traffic system is advantageous to the development of lithium electricity?

Ming-gao ouyang: Japan's Toyota has been in hybrid fuel engine on the basis of the development, develop new energy vehicles in China at the time of the first two five-year plan, will also track the Toyota hybrid as a focal point of development of the domestic backbone car companies invest a lot of strength to research and development of hybrid.By 2008, the domestic hybrid, especially hybrid demonstration running effect is not ideal.

At the same time, the lithium ion battery technology breakthrough progress has been made in 2007 and beyond, a short period of time to replace the nickel metal hydride batteries, made it possible to develop pure electric.Toyota hybrid to fuel cells, are to enhance technical threshold, ensure competitive advantage.

China's transportation system has high electric basis, iron, electric bicycles, electric public transportation has made Chinese society form the features of electric travel.At the same time, the pure electric vehicle integration technology difficulty is relatively small, so China is suitable for the pure electric.Laminating technology breakthrough and the application scene, it is the main reason for the rapid development of pure electric obtain.

Caijing: China's lithium electricity talent pool and research in the world is what level?

Ming-gao ouyang: I have seen a data, in the past 10 years the global international about 1 million papers on material research, mainland China and Taiwan, China accounted for 40%, mainland China more than twice as many as the United States, and there are quite a few in materials research is related to the battery.Most of the battery is also Chinese in the United States.Li-ion battery backup talents and research in China has huge potential.

Caijing: China's high-end capacity lithium electricity shortage?

Ming-gao ouyang: high-end capacity is industries in China are facing common problems.But the Chinese battery industry high proportion of high-end talent, technology innovation activity.Ningde times the annual output value of 20 billion, for example, there are more than 100, Dr.And compare the domestic car companies, the annual output of 500 billion only 50.Such a high proportion of talent structure and with other industries are not the same.

Caijing: consistency is low at present domestic lithium electricity industry, will publish industry standards?

Ming-gao ouyang: the lithium battery standard of China formulated the strict safety standards, there is a clear indicator.And international standards on lithium batteries is adopted Chinese standards.The safety of the lithium battery and specific energy is a pair of contradiction.With the development of the technique and technology, lithium battery enterprises will be improved through ascension than energy index technology threshold.Specific energy is a regulating capacity structure change of important effective baton, mid-range market capacity will certainly be eliminated.

Caijing: ningde times won the global order, Volkswagen, Benz and LG6 % higher than that of in the price.Why these foreign car companies willing to higher prices for China power battery?

Ming-gao ouyang: first of all, the era of ningde product quality and LG, sometimes even better than LG;Second, lithium electricity, no big European manufacturers;Third, China is the biggest single market, these car companies such as accounting for 40% of the popular global sales;Finally, China's lithium electricity industry chain integrity than South Korea is perfect, industry scale and development potential is higher than that of South Korea.

The next generation of batteries who can

Caijing: currently, the most popular three yuan positive electrode material is rich lithium manganese base, why has it become hot, what are the advantages and disadvantages?

Ming-gao ouyang: rich lithium manganese do the anode material, is a hot research topic in today's world.High specific capacity, rich theory of lithium-ion battery anode materials discharge can reach more than 400 mah/g, battery than energy can reach above 400 watts per kilogram.At the same time, can reduce the dependence on cobalt and nickel, reduce costs, especially cobalt.Recently, ding-guo xia professor at Peking University, 400 mah/g was synthesized in the laboratory of the positive, but the rich lithium manganese battery life is shorter.

Now, at home and abroad have made 300 watts/kg rich lithium manganese lithium battery, but life is hundreds of times, still can not meet the requirement of the vehicle, needs to continue to work hard.Rich lithium manganese base their voltage decay faster, need to seek improvement on material.Second, the need for rich lithium manganese base matching voltage range wider electrolytes, such as solid state.

Caijing: rich lithium manganese base industrialization have a timetable?

Ming-gao ouyang: in the special national, by 2020 to achieve 811 ternary lithium battery industrialization.With time, the rich lithium manganese base further basic research, for the items are not finished, now unable to realize industrialization of accurate point in time, for 2025 years or so.

High when the material of the rich lithium lithium battery comprehensive comparison should be comparable to 811, or even better, than the energy should be higher than 811, durability is a key factor in contrast.If we can successfully improve the durability, rich lithium materials will become the new lithium-ion batteries can be industrialization of the anode materials.

Caijing: auto enterprises will be solid and solid-state batteries as the next step research focus, research and development difficulties in where?

Ming-gao ouyang: even though the study of the solid electrolyte has been hot spot, but to implement solid-state batteries, the interface of solid and solid core is to solve the problem, still need to add the liquid electrolyte.In the next five to 10 years, liquid electrolyte proportion will gradually decrease, presented by the part of the semi-solid and solid to to the development trend of all solid state.Even if can't achieve all solid state, but also nearly all solid state.

Once all solid state successfully developed, not only have higher security, also will completely change the battery.Because the solid state can solve the problem of liquid battery short circuit, which can be inside the battery in series to enhance the specific energy.At present should be on the premise of guarantee the durability, as far as possible ascension than energy, and solid-state batteries also has the potential of quick charge.A lot of related research institutions and enterprises in China are studying solid-state lithium battery technology.

Caijing: Japan research present situation and planning in the field of solid-state batteries, etc?

Ming-gao ouyang: Japan Toyota foreign demonstrated solid state lithium ion batteries, they declared in 2022 or 2023 to realize industrialization.But didn't improve energy, so after industrialization than energy will not be too high.

Fuel cells can replace lithium battery?

Caijing: from pure electricity back to the fuel cell, the development of this kind of battery is the main problem?

Ming-gao ouyang: fuel cell research made great progress in our country, the fuel cell car in the local market has begun to industrialization.Fuel cell system performance optimization, probably in 2025 will be relatively mature technology, if implemented, large-scale production costs will also decline.

At present, more should pay attention to the problem is that hydrogen technology, namely front-end hydrogen fuel, such as production, transportation, storage, compression, etc.Now everybody only focus on the fuel cell system itself.But the technology associated with hydrogen and infrastructure is not ideal.Onboard hydrogen storage technology, for example, the following problems: the high cost of carbon fiber, hydrogen storage weight low, energy loss is larger.So, the key is to deepen the hydrogen related basic research and technology development, and related infrastructure construction.

Caijing: fuel cells not reduce subsidies, whether policymakers think the fuel cell development more realistic?

Ming-gao ouyang: from the point of the whole national energy system (not only from the Angle of motor), do need to speed up the development of the hydrogen fuel cell technology, it is in need of our country's energy revolution.If the energy required to achieve a certain degree, the lithium battery can't meet.

But I do not agree that hydrogen is the ultimate energy "and the hydrogen fuel cell car is the" ultimate green car ".Hydrogen and electricity are the energy carrier, is not the "ultimate".Small cars to lower energy requirements, lithium battery may play a bigger role.So, in terms of new energy vehicles, electric and pure electric would be coexistence in the future.

Caijing: for passenger cars, the future cost of fuel cells and electric balance in where?

Ming-gao ouyang: the research thinks to 2025, 350 km for cars at or above the intermediate level may be a choice of fuel cell vehicles and battery electric balance.More than 350 kilometers, the cost of fuel cell is better;Within 350 km, lithium battery advantage more.

Now our country developed high-speed rail network can completely satisfy the people to travel long distances, so the long range of electric cars renewal is not much. To a certain extent the development of hydrogen energy in the fuel cell can be assumed to be lithium ion battery extender, through electricity mix to increase mileage, and reduces battery consumption.

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