On the recycling and comprehensive utilization of waste batteries

Based on the investigation of the disposal status of waste batteries in China, the harm of heavy metals such as lead, zinc, cadmium and nickel to environment and human body is further clarified, and the method of recycling and comprehensive utilization of waste batteries is put forward.

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【 key words 】 waste battery; The environment; Comprehensive utilization of

preface

As people living standard rise, more and more electronic products into the ordinary people family, and the consumption increasing rapidly, the subsequent discharge of waste battery, waste batteries contain a variety of heavy metals, if not through recycling and properly handle, toxic substances will gather in the environment and end up in the human body is difficult to eliminate, leading to damage the nervous system, hematopoietic function, kidney and bone marrow, and even cancer. The recycling and utilization of waste batteries has become an urgent problem to be solved.

1. Sources and hazards of waste batteries

1.1 types and sources of waste batteries

The main types of waste batteries are zinc silver battery, cadmium mercury monoxide battery, nickel metal oxidation battery, lithium ion battery, fuel cell, sodium sulfur battery, solid electrolyte battery, heat activated battery, water activated battery, etc.

The main sources of used batteries are batteries for civil wireless communication equipment represented by mobile phones, batteries for various automobiles, notebook computers, cameras, BP machines, quartz clocks, electronic watches, and batteries for children's electric toys.

China has more than 200 dry battery manufacturers, the end of the world production of quantum mechanics 5 billion /a, the annual consumption of more than half, the production of dry batteries in addition to a small number of exports, most of the domestic sales, domestic also imports a small number of high-capacity batteries from abroad every year.

1.2 hazards of waste batteries

Most dry batteries contain 50% metal, including heavy metals such as lead, zinc, cadmium and nickel, which are harmful to human health. Cadmium can soften bones and paralyze people. Lead can cause diseases such as bronchial cancer. In the battery process in order to prevent corrosion and prevent the battery electrolyte leakage, improve the service life of the battery, add mercury compounds in the battery, the mercury content of most alkaline dry batteries is up to 1%-5%, the neutral dry battery is 0.025%. Mercury and mercury compounds have obvious neurotoxicity to humans, causing brain damage, movement disorders, narrowing vision, dysphonia, hearing loss and other adverse effects.

Waste batteries containing lead, zinc, cadmium and other heavy metals, if discarded in large quantities in the environment, will cause serious harm to the ecological environment. Loss of land use value; A button battery can pollute 600,000 litres of water, the equivalent of drinking water for a person's entire life. Heavy metals not natural degradation, after being absorbed by organisms, gradually accumulated through the food chain, and finally endanger the health of human beings, such as discarding in the common living garbage, but waste composting treatment, will influence the fermentation by metal and mercury, garbage incineration, high impact on the environment quality is the concentration of mercury in flue gas, pollute the air, if the landfill disposal, battery with infiltration of underground drainage pollution of heavy metals in soil and groundwater.

2. Disposal status of waste batteries

The old battery belongs to the toxic waste in the solid waste, a considerable part of consumers mix the old battery into the ordinary life garbage to throw away, there is a small part of people who have environmental awareness to collect, but nowhere to deal with.

In 1997, the relevant state department issued a limited battery product content of the notice, after that some do not contain mercury, lead such a battery is listed, but most consumers don't know much about the the harm of waste battery pollution environment, when buy batteries tend to have a lot of randomness, didn't bring enough to buy batteries from whether conform to the requirements of environmental protection to consider. The consumers are not connected with the manufacturers. The manufacturers need to improve the production process, equipment and raw material formula for the production of environment-friendly batteries, which increases the cost and reduces the economic benefits, resulting in the reluctant recognition of the enterprises.

3. Recycling of used batteries

3.1 necessity of recycling used batteries

With the development of domestic communication and chemical machinery manufacturing industry, the demand for various metals is also increasing. Most batteries contain 50% metals, and recycling can make up for the shortage of raw materials in the sustainable development of industry. Recycling battery metals and waste reduces the amount of ore that can be mined. A variety of domestic natural mineral resources tend to shrink, domestic iron, copper, lead and zinc and other important mineral resources have entered the middle and late mining. It is not necessary to build a mine to recover metals from old batteries, and some complicated preliminary work procedures (survey, site selection, survey, roof erection, etc.) such as mine construction and dressing are exempted, which can protect mineral resources and ecological environment. According to relevant data, it is known that for every 10,000 t of waste copper recycled, more than 100 million yuan of investment will be saved compared with copper smelting with ore. Energy saving is equivalent to 59,000 t of standard coal, and 3600t of soot and SO2 harmful gas will be discharged into the atmosphere less. Less discharge of solid waste (tailings) 100t to the environment to avoid the pollution of surface water by waste water discharged in the process of mining and dressing. Protect the environment and save resources.

3.2 recycling measures for waste batteries

Waste batteries should be collected separately as a category with other household garbage, so that batteries can be recycled and harmful substances can be prevented from spreading. First of all, there is no waste battery recycling box in the streets, market towns, rural areas, schools, organs and other fixed places to facilitate the collection of waste batteries, and then by the garbage disposal departments for unified collection, treatment and recycling, for reuse. Secondly, it is necessary to implement a mechanism of paid collection to encourage citizens and waste catadores to collect used batteries and send them to retail stores and wholesalers. The government should draw part of the funds from other subsidy funds to encourage retail stores to recycle used batteries. In addition, when consumers can buy enough batteries, they can also pay part of the cost of recycling batteries. Batteries are exchanged for new ones. Recyclers are in contact with manufacturers, so that recyclers can get part of the recycling reward.

4. Comprehensive utilization of waste batteries

4.1 strengthen management

In the engineering analysis of environmental impact assessment for new, rebuilt and expanded battery manufacturers, not only should the emission of heavy metals and harmful substances contained in raw materials, processes and finished products be considered, but also the recycling and utilization of after-sales products be evaluated and analyzed. Manufacturers to achieve clean production, so that the plant products conducive to recycling. Environmental protection and related departments should strengthen supervision and management, regularly or irregularly monitor the recycling and utilization situation, and in the environmental impact assessment, according to the production scale, it is suggested to establish the process production line to deal with the impact of old battery renewable resources, so as to effectively promote the recycling and utilization of renewable resources.

4.2 encourage the production of environment-friendly batteries

Batteries containing heavy metals and mercury should be labeled so as to facilitate recycling and classification. The state should relax policies in tax or other aspects to encourage the production of green and environment-friendly batteries. Using computer network control, the data transmission technology of system function module was used to sort the broken batteries. Zinc, manganese, silver, mercury, cadmium and iron metal material such as extraction recovery, slag can also be used to produce building materials, to environmental disposal, cannot use the material change before the process of heavy and complicated, long process flow, the drawback of the high processing cost so as to realize the harmless and recycling of the waste battery treatment and comprehensive utilization of stabilization.

4.3 raise the national awareness

Improve the whole society's awareness of environmental protection, from the kindergarten to carry out environmental protection education, the recycling of waste batteries into a habit, standardized.

In addition, the research on the innocuous treatment process of old batteries should be intensified. The treatment process and results with no pollution, less pollution, low cost, less energy consumption and quick results should be favored by policies or funds, so that the discarded old batteries can enter the track of a virtuous cycle of production, consumption and regeneration.

5. Conclusion

In order to act in the long-term use of human health, life, work, should raise the environmental awareness of the whole nation, improve the comprehensive quality of people, and constantly changing people's idea, let the environmental protection idea from every little bit into the People's Daily life, then become the habit of people's behavior, so that the behavior of the recycling of waste batteries become part of the People's Daily life.

The page contains the contents of the machine translation.