Why lithium batteries have so much energy density

According to "Made in China 2025", the development plan for power batteries is clear: In 2020, the battery energy density reaches 300 Wh/kg; In 2025, the battery energy density reached 400 Wh/kg; In 2030, the battery energy density reached 500 Wh / kg. At present, what level of energy density of battery power lithium batteries has reached in China?

An Overview of Energy Density of Lithium Battery in Enterprises in China

BYD: At present, the single energy density of the BYD lithium iron phosphate battery is 150 Wh, and BYD plans to continue to increase the energy density to 160 Wh. In addition to lithium iron phosphate batteries, BYD is also simultaneously developing lithium ternary batteries, and if the technology of lithium ternary batteries is combined with lithium iron phosphate batteries, some adjustments are made to the original use of graphite as a negative electrode material. Around 2020, BYD plans to increase the monomer energy density of lithium iron phosphate batteries to 200 Wh.

In addition, in terms of the follow-up ternary batteries, BYD's ternary batteries already have mass production conditions, and the current energy density has also reached 200 Wh/kg. The target of BYD ternary batteries is to reach 240Wh / kg of battery energy in 2018 and 300Wh / kg in 2020.

Wotema: The 32650 cylindrical powered lithium iron phosphate battery produced has a single energy density of 145 Wh/kg, and the next goal is to achieve 160 Wh/kg; The current energy density of the ternary battery is 200 Wh / kg and it is expected to reach the level of 300 Wh / kg by 2020.

National energy battery: As early as 2013, the energy density of the National energy of lithium iron phosphate and ternary batteries reached 160 Wh / kg and 200 Wh / kg. It is expected that by the end of 2017, the energy density of lithium iron phosphate batteries will reach 180 Wh/kg, PACK will reach 134 Wh/kg, and the energy density of ternary batteries will exceed 240 Wh/kg.

JV Power: In terms of energy density, the company has currently mass-produced three-part soft-pack battery monomer with a energy ratio of 210WH/Kg. On the basis of improving battery safety, it is expected that the company's soft-pack battery single energy density can reach 300WH/Kg in 2020, and Pack can reach 220WH/Kg after forming a group; lithium titanate batteries have a single energy density of 110 WH/Kg or more.

Smart Energy: The company's mass-produced power cell has a single energy density of 220 Wh/Kg, and PACK has a energy density of 140 Wh/Kg. At the same time, the company's BMS system can achieve level 5 protection, battery package using lightweight materials, and structural optimization.

Bic Battery: In 2016, the Bic Sanyuan power battery industry accounted for more than 30 %, ranking first. At present, the energy density of the Bic monomer core is nearly 220 Wh / kg, and the follow-up will be further increased to 300 Wh / kg.

Canai new energy: Canai new energy has been able to supply energy density 220Wh/kg core in bulk, the system energy ratio is greater than 130Wh/kg core, while the process and technical aspects have achieved 250Wh/kg and technology 300Wh/kg product reserves, respectively.

(1) Features: The biggest advantage of lithium batteries is that they have relatively high energy and high storage energy density, which has reached 460-600 Wh / kg, which is about 6-7 times that of lead-acid batteries; Lithium-ion batteries are half the weight of nickel-cadmium or nickel-metal hydride batteries of the same capacity, 20-30 % of nickel-cadmium and 35-50 % of nickel-metal hydride.

(2) The reason: This is due to its power generation principle, because lithium in a lithium battery is an Atom with a proton number of 3. At the same mass, the number of MOL cells in a lithium battery is more, and the energy generated is stronger, so the energy density is greater. The following is an introduction to the principle of lithium batteries.

(3) Principle: "Lithium battery" is a type of battery that uses lithium metal or lithium alloy as a negative electrode material and uses a non-aqueous electrolyte solution. The earliest lithium battery came from the great inventor Edison, using the following reaction: Li + MnO2 = LiMnO2 This reaction is a Redox reaction, discharge. Due to the very lively chemical properties of lithium metals, the processing, preservation, and use of lithium metals require very high environmental requirements.

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