What are the harmful substances in the waste batteries?

Scientific research shows that a button battery after abandon into nature, to 600000 liters of water pollution, equivalent to a man's life's water consumption, and every year China consumes 7 billion such two batteries, it is understood that China's production of battery is 96% zinc manganese battery and alkaline manganese battery, its main ingredients for manganese, mercury, zinc, manganese and other heavy metals. Waste battery is buried in the atmosphere or buried deep in the ground, the heavy metal ingredients with drainage overflow, cause the pollution of ground and soil, accumulate over a long period will cause serious damage to human health, "the national hazardous waste list" in 1998 set of mercury, cadmium, zinc, lead, chromium as hazardous waste.

A, mercury

Mercury or mercury, is a kind of liquid metal, can evaporate at room temperature, the steam is colorless, odorless, seven times heavier than air.Mercury and its compounds are of great toxicity, especially show the toxicity of organic compounds is bigger.Fish in the mercury content of 0.01 ~ 0.02 mg/l water life would be poisoning;Who eat 0.1 grams of mercury poisoning death, mercury and its compounds can be through the respiratory tract, the skin or gastrointestinal tract of different way to enter the body.When mercury enters the body, which gathered in liver, kidney, brain, heart, and in areas such as the bone marrow, cause nerve poisoning and deep tissue lesions, cause fatigue, dizziness, trembling, bleeding gums, bald hair, hands and feet numbness, the symptom such as neurasthenia, can appear even mental confusion, crazy spasm death and disease.Organic mercury can also enter the placenta, fetal congenital mercury poisoning, or deformity, disease stay.Mercury toxicity is cumulative, often need a few years or ten years to reaction comes out, the food chain to the enrichment of mercury have considerable ability, such as freshwater fish and phytoplankton of mercury enrichment ratio of one thousand, the sea of invertebrate movement, ocean plants, Marine animals for one hundred to two hundred thousand.Eating by mercury pollution aquatic products, produce methyl mercury poisoning, methyl mercury will enter people's brain cells, make the person's nervous system is severely damaged, dizziness, limb endings, memory loss, insanity, and even death.The famous Japanese "minamata disease" is the result of methyl mercury.

Second, the lead

Lead molecular weight is 278, is a kind of heavy metal, heavy metal elements in human body make this within the protein denaturation, is damaged proteins to normal function, so that the body can't play the function of normal.Eat food containing lead, will affect the normal hemoglobin synthesis, affect the nervous system, lead accumulation in the bone and kidney, potential long-term impact.

Three, cadmium

Cadmium is a toxic heavy metals, and its compounds are mostly belongs to toxic substances, shocked the world of the Japanese "pain pain disease" is caused by cadmium pollution.Mine wastewater containing cadmium polluted the river and on both sides of the soil, grain, forage grass, through the food chain enter human body slowly accumulate, in kidney and bone.Will replace the bone calcium, bone to soften, bone grieved, extremities in patients with pain, the whole body is very easy to fracture, everywhere of the disease has been cried out, "the pain!Pain!", until death, so called "pain pain disease".

Cadmium can cause stomach function loss adjuster, interfere with the body and the enzyme system of organism, zinc, zinc, cadmium than is reduced, and cause hypertension rise.Cadmium toxicity is potential, even if the kia concentration of cadmium in water as low as 0.1 mg/l, can also accumulate in the body (especially women) in the organization, the incubation period can be as much as 10 years to 30 years, early and not easy to detect.Data show that the biological half-life of cadmium in the human body for 20 to 40 years.Cadmium poisoning the human body tissues and organs are various, and the difficulty of treatment.Therefore, for the industrial "three wastes" emissions are made to the cadmium are very strict rules.Japan also rules, containing cadmium rice more than 1 mg/l, for "cadmium rice", namely the banning.The Japanese environment agency regulations 0.3 parts per million for the concentration of cadmium in rice the normal levels.Due to the toxicity of cadmium compounds with different degree of sex, in any way except for the cadmium from the wastewater, can only change the position of the transfer method and the existence of its existence, does not eliminate the toxicity.Therefore, cadmium wastewater treatment should be combined with recycling.

Four, chromium (C)

Chromium is a very shiny metal, no pigment, chemical properties is stable, contains more than 12% of chromium in stainless steel.Sleep see chromium compounds have hexavalent chromium anhydride, potassium dichromate, steel, chromium acid potassium dichromate, chromic acid sodium, such as trivalent chromium trioxide of bivalent, the oxidation of chromium (chromium).Chromium compounds to hexavalent chromium toxicity strongest.Chromium trivalent times, according to the study, is the mammalian life and health of trace elements.Lack of chromium can cause sclerosis of arterial congee appearance, adults need 50-100 micrograms a day.All kinds of brown rice, brown sugar and unrefined oil, millet, carrots, peas, chromium is higher.Trace chromium chromium a stimulating effect on plant growth, plant yield can be improved;But slightly higher concentration and inhibits the nitrification within the soil organic matter, chromic acid and chromic acid and its salts of mucous membrane and skin irritation and burning effect, and lead to injury, contact dermatitis.These compounds by steam or dust enters the body, will cause the nasal septum perforation, gastrointestinal patients, decreased white blood cell, lung disease, such as asthma, somebody thinks, hexavalent chromium can cause lung cancer.In addition, hexavalent chromium, especially chromic acid metal pipes have strong corrosion effects on the water system, containing 3.14 17.3 mg/L of trivalent chromium waste water irrigation field, can make all the plants poisoning.

Long-term since, our country in the production of dry cells, to join the mercury or mercury compounds.Alkaline batteries mercury content of 1-5% in our country, neutral dry cells was 0.025%, the used in the production of dry cell mercury alone dozens of tons every year.In the early 1990 s the main developed countries have realized the battery without mercury (mercury content under 0.0001%).

The biggest threat to the natural environment five kinds of substances, battery contains three: mercury, lead, cadmium, these batteries material use process, the battery is sealed inside the battery shell, will not impact on the environment, if the spent battery together with solid waste landfill, leaking mercury and heavy metal material would penetrate into the soil, groundwater pollution, and then into the fish, crop damage human survival environment, through the food chain of biological effect of heavy metals, step by step in a more advanced biological tens of thousands of rich product, and then enter the human body through food, savings in some organs cause chronic poisoning, the threat to human health.So, how to safely deal with the issue of the battery in time, before people have been increasingly prominent.

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