The difference between lithium batteries and lead-acid batteries

First, the lithium battery Introduction

Lithium battery is a class of lithium metal or lithium alloy as the negative electrode material, a non-aqueous electrolyte solution battery. Lithium metal batteries were first proposed and studied by Gilbert N. Lewis in 1912. In the 1970s, MSWhitTIngham proposed and began researching lithium-ion batteries. Due to the very active chemical properties of lithium metal, the processing, storage and use of lithium metal are very demanding on the environment. Therefore, lithium batteries have not been used for a long time.

Lithium-ion battery working principle:

Lithium-ion battery is generally a battery using lithium alloy metal oxide as a positive electrode material, graphite as a negative electrode material, and a non-aqueous electrolyte.

The reaction occurring on the charged positive electrode is: LiCoO2==Li(1-x)CoO2+XLi++Xe-(electron)

The reaction occurring on the negative electrode is: 6C+XLi++Xe-=LixC6

Rechargeable battery total reaction: LiCoO2 +6C=Li(1-x)CoO2+LixC6

Positive electrode

Cathode material: There are many optional positive electrode materials, and most of the mainstream products use lithium iron phosphate. Different positive electrode materials control:

Positive electrode reaction: lithium ion is embedded during discharge, and lithium ion is deintercalated during charging. When charging: LiFePO4→Li1-xFePO4+xLi++xe-discharge: Li1-xFePO4+xLi++xe-→LiFePO4.

Negative electrode

Anode material: Graphite is used. New research has found that titanate may be a better material.

Negative electrode reaction: Lithium ion is deintercalated during discharge, and lithium ions are embedded during charging.

When charging: xLi++xe-+6C→LixC6

when discharging: LixC6→xLi++xe-+6C

Second, lead-acid battery introduction

Lead-acid battery (VRLA), is a battery mainly made of lead and its oxide, the electrolyte is a sulfuric acid solution of the battery. When the lead-acid battery is discharged, the main component of the positive electrode is lead dioxide, and the main component of the negative electrode is lead. In the state of charge, the main components of the positive and negative electrodes are lead sulfate.

A single-cell lead-acid battery has a nominal voltage of 2.0V, can be discharged to 1.5V, and can be charged to 2.4V. In the application, six single-cell lead-acid batteries are often used in series to form a lead-acid battery nominally 12V. There are also 24V, 36V, 48V and so on.

Main features of lead-acid batteries

Safety seals

In normal operation, the electrolyte does not leak out of the terminals or casing of the battery. No free acid

special aspirating separator keeps the acid inside and there is no free acid inside the battery, so the battery can be placed anywhere.

Deflating system After the

internal pressure of the battery exceeds the normal level, the VRLA battery will release excess gas and automatically reseal it to ensure that there is no excess gas in the battery.

Simple maintenance

Because the gas compounding system converts the generated gas into water, no water is needed during the use of the VRLA battery.

Long service life

The lead-calcium alloy VRLA battery with anti-corrosion structure can be floated for 10-15 years.

Stable quality and high reliability

With advanced production technology and strict quality control system, VRLA battery has stable quality and reliable performance. Voltage, capacity and seals are 100% tested on-line.

Safety Certification

All VRLA batteries are UL listed.

Lead Acid Battery Application

Backup Power

* Telecom

* Solar System

* Electronic Switch System

* Communication equipment: a base station, PBX, CATV, WLL, ONU, STB, cordless phone, etc.

* backup power: UPS, ECR, computer backup system, Sequence, ETC, etc.

* Emergency equipment: emergency lights, fire burglary, fire damper

main power

*Communication equipment: transceiver

* power control locomotive: collection vehicle, automatic transport vehicle, electric wheelchair, cleaning robot, electric vehicle, etc.

* Machine tool starter: lawn mower, hedge trimmers, cordless drill, electric screwdriver, electric ski, etc.

*Industrial equipment/instrument

* Camera: flash, VTR/VCR, movie light, etc.

What is the difference between lithium battery and lead acid battery? Which is better?

Third, the difference between lithium battery and lead acid battery:

We know that the general comparison of energy storage products should be Weight energy density, volumetric energy density, service life, price, applicability, national policy, etc.:

Weight and energy density The

current lithium battery energy density is generally 200~260wh/g, and lead acid is generally 50~70wh/g. Then the weight energy density lithium battery is 3 to 5 times that of lead acid, which means that the lead acid battery is 3 to 5 times that of the lithium battery in the same capacity, so The device can be lightweight, lithium batteries occupy absolute advantage.

Volumetric Energy Density

The volumetric capacity density of a lithium battery is usually about 1.5 times that of a lead-acid battery. Therefore, in the case of the same capacity, a lithium battery is about 30% smaller than a lead-acid battery.

The

current cycle of the more popular material system is ternary and iron lithium, the ternary power lithium battery cycle is usually more than 1000 times, lithium iron phosphate battery. The number of cycles is more than 2000 times, and the number of cycles of lead-acid batteries is usually only about 300-350 times, so the service life of lithium batteries is about 3-6 times that of lead-acid batteries.

Price

At present, the price of lithium batteries is more expensive than lead acid, which is about 3 times. However, combined with the analysis of service life, the same cost is still used, and the life cycle of lithium batteries is still longer.

Applicable

lithium batteries are slightly worse than lead-acid batteries, so various safety precautions must be taken during use, such as preventing external forces or accidents from causing damage to lithium batteries, as this may cause fire or explosion; The temperature suitability of the battery is also very good, so in other aspects of adaptability, the lithium battery is not inferior to the lead-acid battery.

Use occasions

Lead-acid batteries: car starter, electric car battery,

lithium battery: mobile phone, computer, power tool, now also used for electric car battery.

Internal materials The

positive and negative electrodes of lead-acid batteries are lead oxide, metal lead, and the electrolyte is concentrated sulfuric acid. The

Positive and negative electrodes of lithium battery are lithium cobalt oxide/lithium iron phosphate/lithium manganite, graphite, and organic electrolyte.