How does new mobile phone battery be correctly charged?

1, 12-14 hours of origin: the first generation of nickel-cadmium batteries, is the need for small power rate charging, generally recommended charging current 1/10c, such as your battery capacity is 600mAh, so 1C is 600mA, 1/10c is 60mA. Therefore, it takes more than 10 hours to fully charge, which is beneficial for nickel-cadmium batteries to be charged at a low rate.

2. Current battery conditions of mobile phones: the mainstream mobile phones are basically lithium ion batteries. The one closest to our impression should be 3210.

3, lithium ion battery knowledge: we only talk about capacity. There are two methods to measure the capacity of a lithium-ion battery :1C charge and 0.2c discharge. 0.2c charging, 0.2c discharging, no matter what charging system is used, should be up to standard. Because lithium-ion batteries are different from nickel-cadmium batteries,1C charging at high rates is generally acceptable and must be accepted. However, if a 600mAh battery is charged at 1C, it should be fully charged in about 1 hour. If the direct charging of mobile phone is designed in this way (many are 0.5c-0.8c), it is nonsense to charge it for 12-14 hours.

According to GB/T182872000 national standard, when the constant current charging to 4.2v, turn constant voltage, when the current drops to 0.01C is considered to be the termination of charging. For example, if the charging current of the charger is 0.5c and the battery is charged with 600mAh, the charging current will drop to 6mAh in about 2 hours, which is considered to be full. Why did it go down to 0.01C? Because it's full, it's a reflection of the cell. In fact, for nickel metal hydride electricity, the national standard has also stipulated a high rate of charge and discharge indicators, now I do not talk about.

4. What is "activation"? Lithium ion battery itself is "live", if design capacity 600mAh, although I charge 2 hours to be full, discharge next, can get capacity 600mAh, the capacity that designs achieved ok, what does this have to live not to live problem? The technical supervision department shall implement the national standard. The detection capacity shall be charged with 1C, and then released. The capacity shall be qualified once in 5 times. So normal use, normal charge can be used, the new battery so use it, do not have to worry about "exciting not live".

5, 14 hours is to deceive themselves: with the mobile phone direct charge, about 2 hours has been full, the rest of the time is "baking" machine time, such as the mobile phone charging control error (some), then it is the test of the battery time. Use the seat charge that does not pass the test (the market is too much) charge 14 hours, your battery had not begun to work hard for you to lead a rob first, very cruel!

[Nickel-metal hydride battery simple knowledge]

Nominal voltage (approximate value of battery voltage): nx1.2v. (take 3508 hydrogen electricity as an example, n=3) termination voltage (at the specified discharge termination): nx1.0v. Charging mode :(constant current, starting constant current charging after discharging at 0.2c to the termination voltage)1, 0.4c charging: charging at 0.4c 3.5h2, full charging: charging at 0.1c for 16h performance :(just to mention one, closely related) 0.2c discharging: discharging at 0.2c to the termination voltage, the discharge time should not be less than 5h. The state technical supervision department has identified the hydrogen capacity, which is charged according to the charging mode of 0.4c and discharged according to the discharging mode of 0.2c. Full charge is used to identify the storage performance of the battery. After 12 months of storage and full charge, discharge at 0.2c for no less than 4h. Overcharge performance: after charging at 0.4c, continue charging at 0.1c for 48h without deformation, night leakage, smoke, etc. The above is a brief description of the national standard GB/ t18288-2000 for hydrogen electricity, from which we can see several problems:

1, for hydrogen electricity, full charge is good, you can charge more full, seems to be everyone's activation concept.

2. However, full charging is conditional, that is 0.1c. However, chargers on the market are not designed to charge at such a small current (508 hydrogen meters, should be 50mA). But hydrogen is much more resistant to overcharge than lithium. Even so, we shouldn't test it.

3. The concept of charging time of more than 10 hours is extended from hydrogen electricity, but it is no longer applicable to lithium electricity. The specification for hydrogen electricity has a full charge clause, but there are conditions. However, lithium battery does not have corresponding terms at all, only a pre-cycle is given before detection, and the pre-cycle charging constant current will end when it reaches 4.2v, and there is no subsequent transverse voltage charging process. Lithium does not need to be "activated". Battery manufacturers do not have any activation process, the production of the battery is alive, but hydrogen electricity is not suitable for a long time to store, the time is long will "die", it is recommended that everyone hydrogen electricity is not used, every three months for a cycle of charging and discharging, and full preservation. Keep the temperature not too high. (don't buy those that have been illuminated by spotlights for a long time inside the counter, and don't buy those that have been stored for a long time)

4. After hydrogen charging, the voltage is nx1.45v, taking 3508 hydrogen power as an example, it is 4.35v. For the brand seat charging in the market, if the hydrogen charging is satisfied, the lithium charging is absolutely not allowed, and if the lithium charging is satisfied, the hydrogen charging is not full, but will not damage. This is because the seat charger does not have the ability to determine the type of battery, only a cut-off voltage is fixed. 5. Therefore, the travel charging side we see in the market has a lithium and hydrogen power selection switch, which is actually to switch off the cut-off voltage.

6, mobile phone battery is a relatively new thing, but also in the process of development, China is also after two years or so, the development of several standards, this year in April announced in July, the implementation. Remember at that time, we also considered all aspects of the discussion, reference to many standards at home and abroad, it should be considered more thoughtful than everyone, it is more reasonable. In addition, new technologies, new processes and new materials in electrochemistry are constantly changing. The previous knowledge is not completely correct in the present, and even if the current correct concept is changed under certain conditions, it will not be valid. For example, it is generally said that the seat charge is small current slow charge, there are advantages, but if you buy is designed to be large current, the above statement does not hold, should not be determined by the appearance. For example, MOTOROLA's mobile phone manual states that the new battery needs to be charged for 14 hours, but MOTOROLA (China) electronics co., ltd. is the main draftsman of GB/T18287, which itself is contradictory. Therefore, I think, for batteries and chargers, should not be formalized

1. Basic concepts of lithium ion battery

1. The nominal voltage of lithium ion battery is 3.7v (3.6v), and the cut-off voltage of charging is 4.2v (4.1v, which is designed differently according to the cell brand). (the specification of lithium ion cell is: lithium ion secondary battery)

2, requirements for lithium ion batteries (GB/T182872000 specification) : first of all, constant current charging, namely must be current, and battery voltage with the charging process gradually increases, when the battery voltage of 4.2 V, 4.1 V), constant voltage charging, instead of constant current charging for the voltage must be current depending on the degree of saturation batteries, as the charging process continue to gradually reduce, when reduced to 0.01 C, think charging termination. (C is a way of expressing the nominal capacity of the battery in comparison with the current. For example, the capacity of the battery is 1000mAh,1C is the charging current 1000mA, note that it is mA instead of mAh, and 0.01C is 10mA.) Of course, the canonical representation is 0.01C5A, which I've simplified here.

3. Why 0.01C is considered as the end of charging: this is stipulated by the national standard GB/ t18287-2000, and it is also discussed. In the past, people generally ended up with 20mA, which is also stipulated in the industry standard YD/ t998-1999 of the ministry of posts and telecommunications. That is, regardless of the battery capacity, the stop current is 20mA. The national standard of 0.01C is conducive to charging more fully, which is favorable for the manufacturer to pass the appraisal. In addition, the national standard stipulates that the charging time shall not exceed 8 hours, that is to say, even if it has not reached 0.01C,8 hours is considered as the end of charging. (batteries with good quality should reach 0.01C within 8 hours. Batteries with poor quality are meaningless to wait.)

4, how to distinguish the battery is 4.1v or 4.2v: consumers are unable to distinguish, this depends on the cell manufacturer's product specifications. Some brands of cells are 41V and 4.2v universal, such as A&TB(Toshiba), domestic manufacturers are basically 4.2v, but there are exceptions, such as Tianjin ligod is 4.1v (but now also by 4.2v).

5. What will happen if the 4.1v cell is charged to 4.2v: it will increase the battery capacity, make it feel easy to use, increase the standby time, but shorten the service life of the battery. Let's say I go from 500 to 300. Similarly, if the 4.2v cell is overcharged, its life will be shortened. Lithium-ion cells are delicate.

6, since the battery has a protective plate, we can rest assured: no, because the cut-off parameter of the protective plate is 4.35v (this is still good, poor to 4.4 to 4.5v), the protective plate is to deal with the case, if every time over charge, the battery will soon decay.

7, how much charging current is appropriate: in theory, the smaller the battery, the better. But you can't wait three days to recharge a battery. According to the national standard, the low power charging rate is 0.2c (arbitration charging mode). For the above 1000mAh capacity battery, i.e. 200mA, we can estimate that the battery can be fully charged in more than 5 hours. (capacity mAh= current mA * time h) the lithium capacity identified by the national technical supervision department is charged at a high rate of 1C and discharged at a low rate of 0.2c, and the capacity value is calculated in terms of time. The test has been conducted for 5 times, and one time the capacity reaches the end of the test. (that is, there are 5 opportunities, if the first test is qualified, the next 4 times are not done) a pre-cycle is allowed before the test, that is, charging at a constant current of 1C to 4.2v will stop, and there is no process of constant pressure to 0.01c at the back, let alone 14 hours.

8, lithium ion battery can withstand how much charging current: the manufacturer test can be very high, but the national standard high ratio is set as 1C, but also the battery above as an example, more than an hour can be full. Can the battery withstand such a large charging current? To current lithium ion cell, it is little meaning just. Currently, there is no national standard for chargers. What is implemented is the industry standard YD/ t9981999/2 of the ministry of posts and telecommunications, which stipulates that the current of chargers shall not be greater than 1C.

9, life is how to specify: simply means that the battery after N times 1C charge, 1C discharge, capacity decreased to 70%, at this time of N is life. That's not to say you can still use it 300 times, but you can't use it 301 times. The national standard stipulates that the service life shall not be less than 300 times. The condition that we use at ordinary times is not so harsh when examining, life span can be longer. With so many concepts (don't bother, there's so much more to say), it's time to say charger. So what is the current market growth of chargers?

Ii. Types and quality of chargers, Suggestions for use and analysis of direct charging:

1, direct charge, plug directly into the phone, some people like to call the travel charge, we used to call "fire cow". This charger is equipped with the mobile phone, the original quality is good, the outstanding is to charge and use immediately, so the design of charging current is larger (strictly speaking, the charging current controlled by the mobile phone), charging time is short. Some phones are filled up with water to recharge their batteries, while others are filled up with water and then cut off. It is useless to wait any longer. After reading the above concept, you should know that it is normal and there is no need to wait for 14 hours foolishly. For the charging effect of direct charging, it is also necessary to look at the mobile phone. Because the charging control circuit on the mobile phone has a certain discrete cut-off voltage, I actually measured that the cut-off voltage of the same batch of mobile phones of the same model is basically between 4.09V and 4.21V. That is to say, if 4.09V is off, it is not full yet, which is not the optimal capacity, it may be more full after charging for a period of time. But don't forget, even if there is a trickle electricity mobile phone, just like a charging voltage difference between 4.09 and 4.21, the mobile phone a trickle of electric current is also to have certain discreteness, if fill in big electric current, they became charging, 10 hours, also have damage to the battery, I met many cell phone bad phenomenon, the original electric has, brand electric as well. If charge bad battery, cause leak fluid to wait, still damage mobile phone possibly, suggest everybody so if want to fill power truly, should control in 2 hours less than, should not exceed 8 hours. In my opinion, lithium is very delicate and can be fully charged. Use a few hours less each time but multi-purpose half an year, and use a few hours more each time but less half a year, oneself measure. However, when there are problems with the original direct charging, we have encountered the phenomenon of high failure rate of direct charging in a batch of mobile phones. Fortunately, the fault is no voltage, if it is high voltage, good. There are a large number of non-original fire cattle on the market, no problem with good quality, poor quality you can imagine, because you are plugged into the 220V ac at one end, the other end of the phone... Therefore, in my opinion, I do not recommend the use of non-original fire cattle. (at least the original one was on your back.)

2, seat charge, there are two slots, the front can put the mobile phone, behind the battery, need to work with the bull. The original seat charge quality is better, many have "intelligence", some brands can basically achieve constant current and constant voltage charging process, and after charging a trickling recharging process. Although some brands do not do constant current constant voltage process, but the current voltage and other parameters control accurately, is also good.

The so-called intelligence, in fact, is very simple, such as MOTOROLA's battery, internal has a chip (ROM), solidified some code, battery plug charger, charger read out the code, you know what kind of battery, the implementation of the corresponding charging process, everything is arranged in advance. (different models, different capacities, different regions of supply, even with different brands of cell, the code is different).

To make a simple analogy, if I call 1, you will execute according to the first plan; if I call 2, you will execute according to the second plan; if I call nothing, or if I call 3, but I have not made an appointment with you in advance, I refuse to execute. The phenomenon is that the charger's red light flashes, and it cannot be charged (non-recognized battery is displayed on the phone). Is not everyone's imagination, there is a single chip CPU control.

"Smart" is also reflected in other aspects, is a battery of NTC (thermistor) and standard resistance, different battery is composed of different standard resistance and charger circuit, to determine the size of the charging current, and after the charging current decision, and according to the different environmental temperature, additional circuit is made up of thermistor and charger to adjust the size of the charging current. (some batteries have only thermal resistance, some have standard resistance, and some have both.)

For example, for a certain type of battery, the optimal charging current should be different due to the different capacities of thin and thick batteries. Therefore, the standard resistance of these two batteries is different, so that the charger can "know" how much charging current to charge for thin and how much charging current to charge for thick. In fact, the initiative is still in the battery side, charger and battery just constitute a circuit. Similarly, when the charging temperature changes, the resistance value of the thermistor changes. It forms a circuit with the charger to adjust the charging current and protect the battery from overheating. Now you know why there is a row of hardware contacts between the battery seat and the battery slot. Intelligence is "but so".

Of course, and you know what a good battery does? Sometimes you can't just rely on the charger, the battery doesn't work well, and the charger doesn't work. At present, many domestic batteries replace NTC with ordinary resistance to reduce costs, lose the role of current adjustment, and design and material selection is not reasonable, etc., this is an aside, first press the table. (also makes sense, it will be clear to see)

Trickling current recharging in the original seat is generally controlled correctly, but 2 hours after the charger turns green is enough. Still this principle, to lithium charge, achieve the capacity that battery core should achieve enough to use, charge more profitless. Squeezing lithium takes life, and occasionally 14 hours may not damage the battery, but getting used to it won't. Finished saying original outfit seat is full, should say the brand seat on the market is full.

To be sure, none of the charging processes of brand seats in the market are strictly followed: constant current, constant voltage charging process (please tell me if you have, I will buy). They can be roughly divided into several categories:

A. Constant voltage, non-trickling power supply: when the battery is charged to 4.2v, it will stop. When you wait for 14 hours for this kind of seat charge, you are deceiving yourself. Although it has reached 4.2v, it has stopped. There is no trickling process or filling. In order to fill up, some design to damage, the cut-off voltage to 4.25v or more, some people simply design such as the battery protection plate cut-off. The battery is so full that you're sure to be interested, but your battery life has been reduced. This charger is overcharged and works well without waiting 14 hours.

B. Constant voltage and fixed trickling: the design with conscience is improved compared with the above one. When charging to 4.2v, a fixed resistance is used to "leak" some current. According to my measurement, it is generally around 30 to 50mA. With this charger, it is not fully charged at the first green light. It is ideal to continue charging for about 2 hours, but the trickle is too large. It is not good for the battery to continue charging for 14 hours.

C. constant voltage, so called intelligent pulse type: the battery is charged to 4.2v cut-off, and then recharged with pulse current trickling. This is the so-called high-grade model, the design idea is very good, but unfortunately, the product is not competitive, consistency is not good, that is, you buy may be good or bad. The disadvantage of my measurement is that the pulse current is too large, 50 to 100mA, and the pulse is too dense, which is equivalent to charging. It's expensive, so I might as well use B.

It is worth noting that some seat chargers pursue the rapid effect of direct charging of firebrand, and the designed charging current is high, close to 1C. Although this type of seat chargers does not violate the industry standards, they cannot be recognized by the concept of "seat chargers are low current and slow chargers". But I don't recommend this kind of seat charger. The above is just a summary. In order to achieve the "charging effect", some people use "overcharging with trickling water to replenish power", "overcharging with pulse" and "overcharging and replenishing power quickly". What they need is to leave a very good impression to the user, wait for the battery of the user to fail, basic won't blame charger, most scold 1: break battery, just use half a year!

Simple method of seat filling:

The physical appearance and so on did not say, only said the electrical aspect. Choose seat charger, had better have a digital multimeter, inserted the empty battery charging, string into the multimeter charging current, within the scope of 250 to 350 ma is more appropriate, chargers, such as the green light turns, quantity of the battery voltage immediately, at between 4.15 and 4.20 are more normal, turn green again after string into the multimeter to observe current, within the scope of 30 to 50 ma is more appropriate. If can choose such homebred seat to fill, bag you use no problem, why spend unjust money to buy original outfit? Of course, I mean domestic standard, qualified products.

It should be noted that:

Brand base charge is basically no intelligence, that row of hardware contact pieces, in addition to the positive and negative poles, the rest are placed for you to see (some have a thermistor contact end is useful). But the realization method that understood intelligence of original outfit seat charge, also need not be too mysterious too pursuit to intelligence. (now you know why some of the batteries mentioned above need to simplify the material?) The product parameters are somewhat discrete. Some brands have a cut-off voltage of more than 4.2v, but as long as it does not exceed 4.25v, some errors are allowed, which has an impact on the battery, but not much. (I measured MOTOROLA's original, the highest was 4.23v)

[iii. Types and quality of chargers, Suggestions for use and analysis of travel chargers]

When I say travel charging, I'm talking about a battery that plugs directly into an ac power supply, not to be confused with a fireox that plugs directly into a cell phone. Travel charger is characterized by easy to use, do not have to be like a seat charger to prepare two things. Even if something goes wrong, it won't affect the phone.

The travel charger is simply a combination of the bull and the rechargeable part of the rechargeable battery. In the early days, traveling charging source was only simple capacitor step-down circuit, which was prone to failure and unsafe. Current travel charge basically is switch power supply, stability is good (also want to see brand of course). I randomly checked and tested five GD93 travel charging devices. They were plugged into the ac power supply for three days and three nights. When the battery was full, they were changed into the air again. Of course, just because I have no problem with it doesn't mean you won't have any problems. Users should unplug the travel charger from ac after charging. Some travel chargers are labeled with intelligence and CPU control. That's up to the manufacturer. Don't believe it.

According to the selection of seat charge selection of travel charge, no intelligence and what does it matter? Domestic ones also work well. Of course, I mean domestic standard, qualified products. I don't want to say more. There are so many chargers, and I haven't included the fake and substandard ones. Different products, different brands, different periods, different situations, people's concept cannot be unchanged. In particular, millions of substandard chargers on the market each month are actually in the hands of consumers, and these chargers are easily damaged by improper use, such as 14 hours of charging and so on.

My suggestion is: for the original direct charge, full plus 2 hours; For domestic direct charging, no; For the original seat charge, feel free (but not too free); For domestic seat charge, add 2 hours for full charge; for domestic travel charge, add 1 hour for full charge. Homebred the qualified product that points to accord with a standard. The above is just a suggestion, may not be very accurate, but in general, there is no need to charge for 14 hours, even if the new battery, as long as it is lithium, there is no so-called "activation" concept, which says otherwise. How do I recharge my batteries? I am: find the charger that can overcharge, charge the battery to 4.25v above, very good, extend a lot of time. But my battery is broken change immediately, what I pursue is standby time, not battery life. What about you?

[production process of lithium battery and mobile phone battery]

The production process of lithium cell does not say the previous material preparation, winding, liquid injection, packaging and other processes, only said that we are related to the final formation, volume process. Encapsulated lithium cell each card into the cabinet like the vertical type of the container, the cell factory such cabinets, rows of cabinets, each cabinet can put hundreds of cells, that is, hundreds of detection points. In fact, these cabinets are just like chargers, except that they can charge a large number of cells at the same time and obtain the data of each detection point through computer management. That's where the lithium cell gets converted to capacity, and you know what the capacity is, which is the partial capacity. The cell level, for example, 063048, is determined by the capacity, which is 700 to 750mAh **, and only 650 to 700mAh B class. In the future, they can be sold for a few more yuan, while grade B can be sold at a lower price and grade C can be sold at a lower price to a "copycat" factory specializing in battery processing. (of course, to determine the level depends on the internal resistance and other indicators) from this point we can see that lithium cell production is "electric", not some people think in the state of "no electricity", but need to be "activated" before use.

Production of lithium batteries are not immediately sell, should be put in storage save at least 15 days, in the meantime, some inherent disadvantages were shown, for example self-discharge is too big, and so on, in the garage reach the shelf life of batteries, after get the order, then take out again detection capacity, again to say again to charge and discharge, the capacity to reach level, or eliminate the quality problems, and then to keep 50% of electricity to the sales department, finally into the hands of the mobile phone battery block assembly plant. From this we can see that the cell factory is "electric".

Battery assembly plants usually have equipment, only the size is not so large, batteries factory after received the batteries batteries factory, in order to avoid to be deceived by batteries factory, and responsible for the consumer, the capacity is used for battery assembly of batteries again points, and through this process, the total can pick out some does not conform to the requirements of the batteries, and return batteries factory. We also see that the cell after charging and discharging, is "electric". So some customers get the battery has two grid, is normal. There is no concept of "activation" of the battery through these processes.

Some of the original battery just bought when the boot, there are several reasons, one is the protection plate deadlock, the battery does not have the output voltage, so the battery in the moment after charging will restore the voltage, immediately "there is electricity", this is activated. Then there is placed too long, because the original phone battery is almost not mobile phone factory production, battery from producing to with mobile phones to consumers' hands, may be a long time, the electric batteries down to below 2.5 V, and the lower limit of protection plate cut-off voltage is 2.5 V, the battery is no output, but it doesn't prove that batteries without electricity, batteries above 2.2 V, or "live", for the battery we used the normal charge is used.

For example, if a battery, I have it after 3 times of 14 hours of charging, but I do not say, sold to you, and you do not know, is it necessary to do 3 times of 14 hours of charging? (of course, the above process did not last 14 hours, but it was all based on reaching the designed capacity of the cell.)

Can 14 hours of charging extend the time? Absolutely, but that's overcharging, that's squeezing the cell, and overcharging shortens the life of the lithium cell. If you want to extend the service time, the correct way is to use new high-capacity cells, improve the battery products, rather than squeeze the existing cells. MOTOROLAV998 lithium electricity, for instance, printed on the label of the capacity is 580 Mah, the original electric is Panasonic batteries used at the beginning of 30486 (of course, I now use more than the Panasonic), nominal capacity is 600 Mah, some actual capacity can reach 690 Mah batteries, then squeeze is no match for the current mainstream brand of 063048 this style of batteries, the basic all have already achieved 750 Mah, this is what they use auditions gift battery standby time more than the cause of the original battery (also is not absolute, and some original battery also use large capacity batteries, though The capacity of signature is still 580mAh).

When the new phone came to hand, often try the function Settings, learning to use, constantly play, although did not call, but the power consumption at this time is also very surprising, or although did not call, just sent a few short messages, and input Chinese characters used for a long time, then the power consumption is also amazing. Amazing is the amount of power used in pure standby. After a few days, the phone is no longer fresh, the electricity is saved, feel the battery is working.

Lithium cell in charge and discharge 20-50 times will have a few percent of the capacity attenuation, and then the capacity will be stable, large even up to about 6%, in this case, know that it will have a attenuation in the future, in the beginning, why do we spend so much time waiting for three 14 hours?

In fact, the fundamental point is that mobile phones are for people, not for people.