The difference between lithium iron phosphate battery and lithium manganese acid battery

Lead acid battery and lithium battery.

Lead-acid batteries are the cheapest, but bulky, heavy, and short-lived.

Lithium batteries can also be divided into two types, the cell voltage is 3.7V each 3.2V, of which 3.2V polymer battery is said to be safer than the other.

The disadvantage of lithium battery is that it is expensive, but it is light in weight, small in size and long in life. (As far as I know, after using the repairer for lead-acid batteries, the life should be no less than lithium battery).

There are also research capacitors. Its life span is almost infinite, but even with a large capacity supercapacitor. Its volume and weight are several times larger than that of a lead-acid battery, and personally feel that it is basically no play.

Electric vehicle batteries are divided into two categories, batteries and fuel cells. The battery is suitable for pure electric vehicles, including lead-acid batteries, nickel-hydrogen batteries, sodium-sulfur batteries, secondary lithium batteries, and air batteries.

Fuel cells are dedicated to fuel cell electric vehicles, including alkaline fuel cells (AFC), phosphoric acid fuel cells (PAFC), molten carbonate fuel cells (MCFC), solid oxide fuel cells (SOFC), proton exchange membrane fuel cells (PEMFC), direct methanol fuel cell (DMFC).

There are slight differences depending on the type of electric vehicle. In a pure electric vehicle equipped with only a battery, the battery functions as the sole source of power for the vehicle drive system. In a hybrid vehicle equipped with a conventional engine (or fuel cell) and a battery, the battery can play the role of the main power source of the vehicle drive system or act as an auxiliary power source. It can be seen that at low speed and start-up, the battery plays the role of the main power source of the vehicle drive system; when it is fully loaded, it acts as the auxiliary power source; it acts as storage energy during normal driving or deceleration and braking. Character.

The fuel cell is anodized by the fuel and the oxidant is reduced at the cathode. If gaseous fuel (hydrogen) is continuously supplied to the anode (ie, the anode of the external circuit, also referred to as the fuel electrode), and oxygen (or air) is continuously supplied to the cathode (ie, the anode of the external circuit, also referred to as the air electrode), It is possible to continuously react an electrochemical reaction on the electrode and generate an electric current. This shows that fuel cells and conventional electricity

Unlike a pool, its fuel and oxidant are not stored in the battery, but in a storage tank external to the battery. When it works (outputs current and does work), it is necessary to continuously input fuel and oxidant into the battery while discharging the reaction product. Therefore, from a working mode, it is similar to a conventional gasoline or diesel generator. Since the fuel cell is continuously fed with fuel and oxidant into the battery during operation, the fuel and oxidant used in the fuel cell are both fluid (gas or liquid). The most commonly used fuels are pure hydrogen, various hydrogen-rich gases (such as reformed gas) and certain liquids (such as aqueous methanol). The commonly used oxidants are pure oxygen, clean air and other gases (such as peroxidation), an aqueous solution of hydrogen and nitric acid, etc.).

The role of the fuel cell anode is to provide a common interface between the fuel and the electrolyte, and to catalyze the oxidation of the fuel, while transferring the electrons generated in the reaction to the external circuit or to the current collector and then to the external circuit. The role of the cathode (oxygen electrode) is to provide a common interface between oxygen and the electrolyte, catalyzing the reduction of oxygen, and transporting electrons from the external circuit to the reaction site of the oxygen electrode. Since most of the reactions occurring on the electrodes are multiphase interfacial reactions, in order to increase the reaction rate, the electrodes are generally made of a porous material and coated with an electrocatalyst.

The role of the electrolyte is to transport the ions generated by the fuel electrode and the oxygen electrode in the electrode reaction, and to prevent the electrodes from being straight.

Transfer the electrons.

The role of the membrane is to conduct ions, prevent electrons from passing directly between the electrodes, and separate the oxidant from the reducing agent. Therefore diaphragm

It must be resistant to electrolyte corrosion and insulation and has good wettability.

Battery

An electric vehicle battery pack is composed of a plurality of batteries stacked in series. A typical battery pack has about 96 batteries. For a Li-Ion battery that is charged to 4.2V , such a battery pack can produce a total voltage of more than 400V. Although the automotive power system treats the battery pack as a single high-voltage battery, charging and discharging the entire battery pack each time, the battery control system must consider each battery condition independently. If one of the battery packs has a slightly lower capacity than the other batteries, the state of charge will gradually deviate from the other batteries after multiple charge/discharge cycles. If the state of charge of this battery is not periodically balanced with other cells, it will eventually enter a deep discharge state, causing damage and eventually forming a battery pack failure. To prevent this from happening, the voltage of each battery must be monitored to determine the state of charge. In addition, there must be a device that allows the batteries to be individually charged or discharged to balance the state of charge of these batteries.

An important consideration in battery pack monitoring systems is the communication interface. For communication within the PC board, common options include the Serial Peripheral Interface (SPI) bus and the I2C bus, each with low communication overhead for low-interference environments. Another option is the Controller Area Network (CAN) bus, which is widely used in automotive applications. The CAN bus is very good, with error detection and fault tolerance characteristics, but it has a large communication overhead and high material cost. Although the connection from the battery system to the car's main CAN bus is worthwhile, it is advantageous to use SPI or I2C communication within the battery pack.

Electric vehicle batteries are classified according to electrolyte:

a. Alkaline battery. That is, the electrolyte is an alkaline aqueous solution;

b. Acidic battery. That is, the electrolyte is an acidic aqueous solution;

c. Neutral battery. That is, the electrolyte is a neutral aqueous solution;

d. Organic electrolyte solution battery. That is, the electrolyte is a battery of an organic electrolyte solution.

According to the existence of active substances, they are divided into:

a. The active material is stored on the electrode. Can be divided into primary battery (non-regenerative, primary battery) and secondary battery (regeneration, battery);

b. The active material is continuously supplied to the electrode. It can be divided into non-renewable fuel cells and regenerative fuel cells.

According to some characteristics of the battery are divided into:

a. high capacity battery;

b. maintenance-free battery;

c. sealed battery;

d. burning battery;

e. explosion-proof battery ;

f. Button battery, rectangular battery, cylindrical battery, etc.

Although the chemical power supply has a wide variety of uses, a wide range of use, and large differences in shape, it is difficult to unify the above classification methods, but it is generally divided into four categories according to the nature of its work and storage methods:

A primary battery, also known as a "primary battery", is a battery that cannot be recharged after being discharged. In other words, the battery can only be used once, and the battery can only be discarded after discharge. The reason why such batteries cannot be recharged, or the battery reaction itself is irreversible, or the conditional restrictions make the reversible reaction difficult. Such as:

Zn-Mn dry battery Zn│NH4Cl·ZnCl2│MnO2(C)

Zinc mercury battery Zn│KOH│HgO

Silver zinc battery Zn│KOH│Ag2O

A secondary battery, also referred to as a "battery", is a type of battery that can be re-discharged by recharging the active material after being discharged, and can be repeatedly used repeatedly. This type of battery is actually a chemical energy storage device. The battery is suffocated with direct current. At this time, the electrical energy is stored in the battery in the form of chemical energy. When discharged, the chemical energy is converted into electrical energy. Such as:

Lead acid battery Pb│H2SO4│PbO2

Nickel cadmium battery Cd│KOH│NiOOH

Nickel-metal hydride battery H2│KOH│NiOOH

Lithium ion battery LiCoO2│ organic solvent│6C

Zinc air battery Zn│KOH│O2 (air)

The storage battery, also known as the “activated battery”, is a type of battery in which the positive and negative active materials and the electrolyte are not in direct contact, and the electrolyte is temporarily injected before use or activated by other methods. The chemical deterioration or self-discharge of the positive and negative active materials of such batteries is substantially eliminated by the isolation from the electrolyte, so that the battery can be stored for a long time. Such as:

Magnesium silver battery Mg│MgCl2│AgCl

Calcium heat battery Ca│LiCl-KCl│CaCrO4(Ni)

Lead perchloric acid battery Pb│HclO4│PbO2

A fuel cell, also called a "continuous battery", is a type of battery that can discharge continuously for a long time as long as the active material is continuously injected into the battery. It is characterized in that the battery itself is only a carrier, and the fuel cell can be regarded as a kind of battery that sends the reactants from the outside into the battery when electrical energy is needed. Such as:

Hydrogen fuel cell H2│KOH│O2

Hollow fuel cell N2H4│KOH│O2 (air)