What's the difference between lithium battery and lead-acid battery?

A lithium battery is a type of battery that uses a lithium metal or a lithium alloy as a negative electrode material and uses a non-aqueous electrolyte solution, and a lead acid battery is a battery whose electrode is mainly made of lead and its oxide, and the electrolyte is a sulfuric acid solution.

First, the lithium battery

1. Basic introduction

Lithium battery refers to a battery containing lithium (including metal lithium, lithium alloy, and lithium ion, lithium polymer) in an electrochemical system. Lithium batteries can be roughly divided into two categories: lithium metal batteries and lithium ion batteries . Lithium-ion batteries do not contain metallic lithium and are rechargeable. The fifth-generation lithium-metal battery of rechargeable batteries was born in 1996, and its safety, specific capacity, self-discharge rate and performance price ratio are better than lithium-ion batteries. Due to its own high technical requirements, only a few companies in a few countries are producing such lithium metal batteries.

2, the working principle

(1) Lithium metal battery:

A lithium metal battery is generally a battery using manganese dioxide as a positive electrode material, metallic lithium or an alloy metal thereof as a negative electrode material, and a non-aqueous electrolyte solution.

Discharge reaction: Li+MnO2=LiMnO2

(2) Lithium-ion battery:

A lithium ion battery is generally a battery using a lithium alloy metal oxide as a positive electrode material, graphite as a negative electrode material, and a non-aqueous electrolyte.

The reaction occurring on the charged positive electrode is

LiCoO2==Li(1-x)CoO2+XLi++Xe-(electron)

The reaction occurring on the charging negative electrode is

6C + XLi ++ Xe- = LixC6

Rechargeable battery total reaction: LiCoO2+6C=Li(1-x)CoO2+LixC6

Second, lead acid battery

1. Basic introduction

Has experienced nearly 150 years of development, lead-acid batteries in the theoretical research, in terms of product types and varieties, product electrical performance, etc. have made great progress, whether in transportation, communications, electricity, military or marine, In all aspects ofspecial, lead-acid batteries play an indispensable role. According to the difference in structure and use of lead-acid batteries, the batteries are roughly divided into four categories: (1) lead-acid batteries for starting; (2) lead-acid batteries for power; (3) fixed-valve sealed lead-acid batteries; 4) Other types, including small valve-regulated sealed lead-acid batteries, lead-acid batteries for miner's lamps, etc.

2, the working principle

The VRLA battery is charged by connecting an external DC power supply to the battery to convert the electrical energy into chemical energy for storage. Discharge is the release of electrical energy from the battery to drive an external device.

When the lead-acid battery is charged to the apex, the charging current is only used to decompose the water in the electrolyte. At this time, the positive electrode of the battery generates oxygen, and the negative electrode generates hydrogen. The gas will overflow from the battery, causing the electrolyte to decrease. add water.

On the other hand, at the end of charging or undercharge conditions, the charging energy is used to decompose water, and the oxygen generated by the positive electrode reacts with the spongy lead of the negative electrode to cause a part of the negative electrode to be in an unfilled state to suppress the generation of hydrogen gas of the negative electrode.

Durability:

Lead-acid batteries are generally deep and deep-discharged within 400 times, with memory and life expectancy of about two years. If you are using a maintenance-free lead-acid battery, you need to be aware that the battery has less water loss, and you do not need to add distilled water during use. Lithium batteries are more durable, consume less, charge and discharge more than 500 times, and have no memory. The general life expectancy is 4-5 years.

According to experts, in terms of durability, the lithium battery has good vibration resistance. The battery in a fully charged state is safely fixed. It vibrates for 1 hour with an amplitude of 4 mm and a frequency of 16.7 Hz. No leakage, no battery expansion and rupture, open circuit voltage Normal; good overcharge resistance, 25 degrees Celsius, fully charged battery 0.1CA charge for 48 hours, no leakage, no battery expansion and rupture, open circuit voltage is normal, capacity retention rate is above 95%; resistance to high current, The fully charged battery 2CA is discharged for 5 minutes or 10CA for 5 seconds, and no conductive portion is blown, and there is no appearance deformation.

Volume and quality:

Generally, the lead-acid battery pack has a weight of 16-30 kg and a large volume; the lithium battery is generally 2-6 kg, and the volume is relatively small, so the ride is light and convenient to carry. As far as quality is concerned, it is difficult to define the two, and consumers can purchase batteries produced by regular manufacturers according to their own needs.

Price, warranty period:

At present, the mainstream battery on the market is 48 volts. If it is replaced, the lead-acid battery is about 700 yuan, and the warranty period is 1 year. The price of lithium battery is relatively expensive, it needs about 1200 yuan, but the warranty period can be 3 years.

Driving kilometers:

The same 48V battery, in the case of full charge, lead-acid batteries and lithium-ion battery electric vehicles can travel 30-40 km. The speed depends mainly on the size of the motor used.

Battery capacity:

The capacity of the lead-acid battery is about 20 amp hours; the capacity of the lithium battery is arbitrary.

Environmental protection:

After the state promulgated the "Leading Battery Industry Access Conditions" in 2012, the lead-acid industry has undergone restructuring and integration. Most of the manufacturers have adopted internalization into cadmium-free and arsenic-free green production, which is more environmentally friendly and more energy-efficient, only during the recycling process. Improper use may cause pollution; lithium batteries are relatively greener in terms of production and recycling.