When Different Resistors Are Connected in Parallel Across An Ideal Battery, We Can Be Certain That

The ideal battery refers to an arrangement of capacitors in parallel or in series supply undisturbed potential difference across. The nature of an ideal battery can be understood easily with the following example.  If an ideal battery connected with a short circuit with 0 Ω resistance then an infinitely large amount of current can be supplied to the circuit. Whereas in open circuit arrangement there will be no flow of current although the battery has the capacity to supply. It is obvious that there is conducting, the medium is required to flow of current. In a practical case, every conductor has a resistance that resists the flowing of current through it. Ultimately it led to the heating effect.

Therefore, in an ideal battery, there is no potential drop to occur inside the battery. That means the battery does not add any resistance to the circuit. Terminal voltage is not compromised. And we can be certain that the voltage of the ideal battery is equal to the summation potential difference across every capacitor present inside the battery. The only resistance is offered from outside of the battery.

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In a real battery let’s say a voltaic cell, it has some amount of internal resistance due to the electrolyte or the electrodes present in it. If the size of the battery is large, the greater the electrode is required so as large contact area, as large contact area lesser the will be internal resistance.  Resistance can be minimized up to some extent but cannot be neutralized.  

Usually, load or resistance is connected in two way and these two of circuit arrangement is series and parallel combination. When different resistors are connected parallelly to an ideal battery, we can certain that the potential difference across each resistor is the same Whereas the flow of current through each may be different may be same.  This variation of current can be governed by Ohm’ law. Joule’s law of heating can explain power dissipation variation in each resister. 

 In parallel combination, the equivalent resistance is the reciprocal sum of the individual resistances. And therefore, the equivalent resistance is the lesser smallest resistor connected in the circuit. A major advantage of the parallel circuit is that it increases the reliability of the system.

When two or more resistors are connected in parallel across a potential difference?

A parallel combination of electric resister can be prepared by connecting negative poles of more than one resistor with the negative terminal of a battery, and on the other hand, positive poles of the resistors are connected with the positive terminal battery. 

When two or more resister are connected in parallel combination, it is observed that there is some potential drop across individual resister that potential drop is certainly equal to the potential difference of battery. Whereas the total current flow through the circuit is equal to the sum of each current flow through an individual resister. According to ohm’s law, there is a different current flow in the circuit, to maintain the same potential drop across each individual resister. In parallel combination, total equivalent resistance gets reduced. This makes the electric current high through the circuit, because of this all-electric appliances connected in parallel combination consume less electricity.

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When resistors are connected in parallel the current through each resistor?

In parallel resister, there is a number of paths for the current to supply, this current may not be the same passing through all the resister as the resistive value of each resister determines the amount of current flowing within that resister.  It is observed that the total current I, is equal to the sum of the separate currents through each branch of the combination. The equivalent resistance can be calculated when the reciprocal of a group of resistances joined in parallel combination and its value is equal to the sum of the reciprocals of the individual resister.

In a practical scenario different electric devices withdraw a different amount of current from the battery. In parallel combination potential difference across resistors is the same and these variations of current will be distributed according to resistance. Whereas In series combination all the devices withdraw the same current.  In the case of any failure occur in any one of the appliances connected in parallel combination, certainly, there is no effect on the working of other appliances.

When unequal resistors are connected in series across a battery?

It is observed that Whenever unequal resistors are connected in series across a battery, the same current in every part of the circuit or through each resistor. Whereas the total potential difference across a combination of resistors in series is equal to the sum of potential difference across the individual resistors. When a number of unequal resistors are connected across a battery in series, the resistance of the combined arrangement is equalled to the sum of individual resistances. 

The above conclusion is obtained by Ohm’ Law. According to ohm’ law flow of current more prominent through a resister of lesser resistance. But serries combination there is alternate path is provided that is why the same current is flown through each resistance although its resistance is not the same. 

As per Joule’s law of heating, heat loss across the battery is equal to the sum of heat dissipated through each resister. Higher the resistance, higher power dissipated through it. The potential difference across the battery in series is governed in the same way as energy distribution. The total potential difference is equal to the sum potential drop across each resistor. Higher the value of resistance higher potential drop will occur through that particular resister.

Since in a series combination of resistor the current is the same throughout. Therefore, it is not practically possible to connect an electric bulb, an electric heater or other electric appliance in series, due to the different current requirement to operate properly otherwise electric wire may meltdown. There is one more disadvantage of a series combination is that when one electric component disconnected after its failure the whole circuit is broken and none of the other components works.