Which battery is better for electric vehicles, lithium battery or lead-acid battery?

Lithium ion battery lead-acid battery

1. Rechargeable battery (alkaline battery -- lead-acid battery)

2. Cycle life (1200 ~ 2000 times -- 500 ~ 900 times)

3. Specific energy (150W·h/kg -- 40W·h/kg)

4. Charging time (2 ~ 4h -- quick charging 3 ~ 6h (fast charging technology is not mature yet)

5. Charge-discharge energy efficiency (the charge-discharge energy conversion efficiency of lithium ion battery can be more than 97% -- about 80% of the charge-discharge energy conversion efficiency of lead-acid battery)

6. Price (higher 24V/10Ah price: 750 ~ 1200 yuan -- lower 24V/12Ah price: 200 ~ 300 yuan)

7. Volume (volume of small lithium ion battery is 2/3 of the volume of lead-acid battery -- large volume)

8. Weight (only 1/3 ~ 1/4 of the weight of lead-acid battery)

9. Endurance range (power -- environmental protection)

10. There is no pollution in the production and use (there is pollution in the production -- there is a large amount of lead in lead-acid batteries, which will pollute the environment if not properly disposed of after waste).

11. Lithium ion battery (charge in constant current and constant voltage mode -- lithium battery is vulnerable to overcharge, deep discharge and short circuit damage)

12. Charging and maintenance (complex, high maintenance cost -- simple, open circuit provided with low maintenance cost)

13. Power supply (small open circuit power supply provided, more series connection -- large open circuit power supply provided)

Lithium battery is a kind of battery which is made of lithium metal or lithium alloy as negative electrode material and USES non-aqueous electrolyte solution. Lithium metal battery was first proposed and studied by Gilbertn.Lewis in 1912. In the 1970s, M.S. Willingham proposed and began to study lithium-ion batteries. Due to the chemical characteristics of lithium metal is very lively, so that lithium metal processing, preservation, use, environmental requirements are very high. Therefore, lithium battery has not been used for a long time. With the development of science and technology, lithium battery has become the mainstream.

Lithium battery can be roughly divided into two categories: lithium metal battery and lithium ion battery. Lithium-ion batteries do not contain metallic lithium and are rechargeable. Lithium metal battery, the fifth generation of rechargeable battery, was born in 1996. Its safety, specific capacity, self-discharge rate and performance-to-price ratio are all better than lithium ion battery. Because of its own high technology requirements, only a handful of companies in a few countries now produce lithium-ion batteries.

Lithium battery is better. Lithium batteries are more than 3 times higher than lead-acid batteries in terms of volume to energy and weight to energy. Lithium batteries are smaller and lighter. It also has long cycle life. The cycle life of lithium battery used in electric vehicle is generally more than 800 times, lithium battery using lithium iron phosphate anode material can reach about 2000 times, exceeding the lead acid battery 1.5 ~ 5 times. This greatly reduces the cost of lithium battery, extends the service life, and improves the convenience of use.

Ii. Comparison between lithium battery and lead-acid battery

1. Battery capacity

Lithium battery capacity is generally 8-10 ampere, lead-acid battery capacity is about 20 ampere.

2. Driving kilometers

The same 48V battery, in full charge of the case, lithium battery and lead-acid battery electric vehicles are able to travel 30 to 40 km, its speed depends on the size of the motor used.

3. Durability

Lithium battery is durable, slow consumption, charge and discharge more than 500 times, and no memory, the general life of 4-5 years. Lead-acid battery is generally in deep charge and discharge within 400 times, with memory, life of about two years. If the use of maintenance-free lead-acid battery, it is important to note that the battery water loss is small, the use of generally do not need to add distilled water. In terms of durability, lithium battery has good seismic resistance. The fully charged battery is safely fixed. It vibrates at an amplitude of 4mm and a frequency of 16.7hz for 1 hour. Good overcharge resistance, 25 degrees Celsius, fully charged state of the battery 0.1CA charging 48 hours, no leakage, no expansion and rupture of the battery, open circuit voltage is normal, capacity maintenance rate of more than 95%; High current resistance, fully charged battery 2CA discharge 5 minutes or 10CA discharge 5 seconds, no conductive part fuse, no appearance deformation.

4. Price and warranty period

The battery of current mainstream is 48 volt, if need to change, lead-acid battery is in 380-450 yuan (48v12ah-48v20ah) left and right sides, qualitative guarantee period is 1 year; Lithium battery is relatively expensive, requiring about 1000 yuan (48V12AH), but its warranty period is 2 years.

5. Warranty period

The battery of current mainstream on the market is 48 volt, if need to change, lead-acid battery is controlled in 450, qualitative guarantee period is 1 year; Lithium batteries are relatively expensive, costing around 1,000 yuan, but they have a two-year warranty.