Difference between lead acid battery and lithium-ion battery

A lithium battery is a type of battery using a lithium metal or a lithium alloy as a negative electrode material and using a nonaqueous electrolyte solution. Lithium metal batteries first proposed and studied by Gilbert N. Lewis in 1912. In 1970s, M.S.WhitTIngham began researching lithium-ion batteries. Due to very active chemical properties of lithium metal, the processing, storage and use of lithium metal has severe demand on the environment. Therefore, lithium batteries have not used for a long time.

Lithium-ion battery works:

A lithium ion battery is generally a battery using a lithium alloy metal oxide as a positive electrode material, graphite as a negative electrode material, and a nonaqueous electrolyte.

The reaction occurring on the charged positive electrode is: LiCoO2==Li(1-x)CoO2+XLi++Xe-(electron)

The reaction occurring on the charging negative electrode is: 6C+XLi++Xe-=LixC6

Rechargeable battery total reaction: LiCoO2+6C=Li(1-x)CoO2+LixC6

Positive

Cathode material: There are many optional cathode materials, and most of the mainstream products use lithium iron phosphate. Different cathode material comparisons:

Positive electrode reaction: Lithium ions embedded during discharge, and lithium ions deintercalated during charging. When charging: LiFePO4→Li1-xFePO4+xLi++xe-discharge: Li1-xFePO4+xLi++xe-→LiFePO4.

Negative electrode

Anode material: Graphite is mostly used. New research has found that titanate may be a better material.

Negative electrode reaction: Lithium ion deintercalated during discharge, and lithium ions embedded during charging.

When charging: xLi++xe-+6C→LixC6

When discharging: LixC6→xLi++xe-+6C

A lead-acid battery (VRLA) is a battery whose electrode is mainly made of lead and its oxide, and the electrolyte is a sulfuric acid solution. When the lead-acid battery discharged, the main component of the positive electrode is lead dioxide, and the main component of the negative electrode is lead. In the state of charge, the main components of the positive and negative electrodes are lead sulfate.

A single-cell lead-acid battery has a nominal voltage of 2.0V, can discharged to 1.5V, and can charged to 2.4V. In the application, six single-cell lead-acid batteries often used in series to form a lead-acid battery nominally 12V. There are also 24V, 36V, 48V and so on.

Lead acid battery main characteristics

Safety seal

In normal operation, the electrolyte does not leak out of the terminals or housing of the battery. No free acid

The special aspirating separator keeps the acid inside and there is no free acid inside the battery, so the battery can placed in any position.

Deflating system

After the internal pressure of the battery exceeds the normal level, the VRLA battery will release excess gas and automatically reseal it to ensure that there is no excess gas in the battery.

Simple maintenance

Since the gas, compounding system converts the generated gas into water, no water added during the use of the VRLA battery.

Long lasting

A lead-calcium alloy VRLA battery with a corrosion-resistant structure can floated for 10-15 years.

Stable quality and high reliability

Using advanced production technology and strict quality control system, VRLA battery has stable quality and reliable performance. Voltage, capacity and seals are 100% tested on-line.

Safety certificate

All VRLA batteries are UL listed.

Nominal voltage is different. Lead-acid battery cell nominal voltage: 2.0V lithium battery single nominal voltage: 3.6V

2: The internal materials are different. The positive and negative electrodes of the lead-acid battery are lead oxide, lead metal, and the electrolyte is concentrated lithium sulfate. The positive and negative electrodes are lithium cobaltate lithium-iron phosphate lithium manganate, graphite, organic electrolyte.

3: Energy different lead acid battery 30WHKG lithium battery 150WHKG

4: Different lead-acid batteries for use: car starter, electric car battery lithium battery: mobile phone, computer, power tool, now also used for electric car battery

5: Different electrical characteristics The lead-acid battery cannot discharge at a large current, and the short life battery can discharge at a large current and has a good life.

The other difference is the following:

1. Durable lead-acid batteries are generally deep and deep-discharged within 300 times, with memory, and their life span is about two years. In addition, there is liquid in the lead-acid battery. After a period of consumption, if the battery found to be hot or the charging time is short, the liquid needs to replenish; the lithium battery has strong durability, slow consumption, more than 500 times of charging and discharging, and no memory, generally Life expectancy is 4-5 years.

2, the volume and quality of the general lead-acid battery weight is 16-30 kg, the volume is large; lithium battery is generally 2.5-3 kg, the volume is relatively small, so riding light, easy to carry.

3, the price, warranty period, the current mainstream battery on the market is 48 volts, if replaced, lead-acid battery 450 yuan, the warranty period is 1 year; lithium battery price is relatively expensive, need about 1,000 yuan, but the warranty period is two year.

4. The driving kilometer is also a 48-volt battery. In the case of full charge, the lead-acid battery and the lithium-ion battery electric vehicle can travel 30-40 km. The speed depends mainly on the size of the motor used.

5, battery capacity lead-acid battery capacity is about 20 amp; lithium battery capacity is 8-10 amps.

6. Environmental friendly:  lead-acid batteries pollute environment during production. If we could not recycled properly, they may cause pollution while lithium batteries are better friendly for environment

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