What are the advantages and disadvantages of nickel-cadmium batteries and lithium batteries?

1.The characteristics of the nickel cadmium is good, and the price is cheap. As for the disadvantages, cadmium metal has pollution to environment. The battery has small capacity and short life, so the nickel cadmium battery is one of the lowest level batteries. It has a memory effect. Every charge shall discharge first, then recharge.

2.Nickel metal hydride battery power reserves more than 30% of the nickel cadmium battery, the mobile phone of talk time and extended by 30%.At less than a nickel cadmium battery, longer service life. And on the environment pollution-free, no memory effect. The shortcoming of Ni-Mh batteries is more expensive than the nickel cadmium battery, performance ratio the lithium battery to bad. Belong to the intermediate cell.

3.Lithium ion batteries is currently the best battery performance. And also compared the size of a nickel cadmium battery, nickel metal hydride batteries, power reserve is the largest, the most light in weight, life expectancy, the shortest charging time, no memory effect. But the price is the most expensive, the charger is selective.

Nickel cadmium battery is a kind of dc power supply battery, nickel cadmium battery charge and discharge can be repeated more than 500 times, economic and durable. Its internal resistance is small, both the internal resistance is small, can fast charge, and can provide high current load, and the discharge voltage change is very small, it is a kind of ideal dc supply batteries.

Nickel cadmium battery (Ni - Cd, Nickel - Cadmium batteries, Ni - Cd rechargeable battery) is first applied to devices such as mobile phones, superfamily cell types, it has excellent large current discharge characteristic, resistant to over charge and discharge ability, simple maintenance, general discharge using the following response:

Cd+2NiO(OH)+2=2+

When charging reaction instead.

Nickel cadmium battery, is the most deadly weakness in the process of charging and discharging if not handled properly, there will be a serious "memory effect", greatly shorten the service life. The so-called "memory effect" is the battery before charging, the battery power is not completely is put, over time will cause the battery capacity is reduced, in the process of the battery charge and discharge, discharge more obvious), will produce some small bubbles on the battery plate, accumulate over a long period the bubbles to reduce the surface area of the battery plate also indirectly affect the capacity of the battery. Of course, we can grasp and reasonable charge and discharge method to reduce the "memory effect". In addition, cadmium is toxic, and nickel cadmium battery is not conducive to the protection of the ecological environment. Many shortcomings make nickel cadmium battery has been basically eliminated the digital equipment application range of the battery.

Nickel cadmium battery can be repeated charge and discharge more than 500 times, economic and durable. Its internal resistance is small, both the internal resistance is small, can fast charge, and can provide high current load, and the discharge voltage change is very small, it is a kind of ideal dc supply batteries. Compared with other types of batteries, nickel cadmium battery charging or discharging. Nickel cadmium battery discharge voltage according to its discharge device, each unit (Cell) is about 1.2 V batteries, battery capacity unit for Ah (Ann), mAh (mAh), discharging termination voltage limit value is called "discharge" termination voltage, nickel cadmium battery discharging termination voltage of 1.0 / Cell (the Cell battery) for each unit. Low self-discharge, nickel cadmium battery in place for a long time, also won't degradation, after fully charging can be fully restored the original features, it can be in - 20 ℃ + 60 ℃ temperature range. Due to the unit battery USES the metal containers, strong and durable; Adopt the way of completely sealed, there will be no electrolyte leakage phenomenon, therefore, do not need to supplement electrolyte.

To improve battery performance and prolonging the service life of the battery is the key to avoid the memory effect and excessive discharge. Nickel cadmium battery memory effect, namely the nickel cadmium battery charge and discharge under several low volume after work, if you want to make a larger capacity of the charge and discharge, the battery will not be able to work normally, this kind of circumstance is the memory effect (Memory effect).Especially in discharging termination voltage is set high on the video camera, video camera, with the loss of the working voltage, battery capacity and less on the surface, but lower discharge voltage may be one or two times completely discharge caused by the temporary. Memory effect makes the performance of the battery can't into full play, are taken to bring huge inconvenience. Use should be paid attention to in use, therefore, take charge and discharge performance of the charger, such as Sony wdce BC - 1, avoid the generation of memory effects. Using general charger such as wb wa, BC - 1-1, but after about 10 times of charging for a discharge, also can achieve the goal of prevent memory effect.

The principle of analysis

Located in the cathode of cadmium (Cd) and hydroxyl ions in the sodium hydroxide (NaOH) (OH -) cadmium oxide synthesis of hydrogen, and adhesion on the anode, also emit electrons. Electrons along the wire to the cathode, and nickel oxide cathode reaction with sodium hydroxide solution of water to form nickel hydroxide and hydroxyl ions and nickel hydroxide is attached at the anode, the hydroxyl ions back in sodium hydroxide solution, so the concentration of sodium hydroxide solution will not decline over time.

Nickel cadmium battery positive plate of the active material is composed of nickel oxide powder and graphite powder, graphite, do not participate in chemical reactions, its main function is to enhance electrical conductivity. Active substance on the negative plate is composed of cadmium oxide powder and iron oxide powder, the function of ferric oxide powder is to cadmium oxide powder had a higher diffusibility, prevent caking, and increase the capacity of the plate. Active material wrapped in perforated steel belt, respectively after extrusion forming becomes a positive and negative plate of the battery. Plate with alkali hard rubber insulation between stick or perforated PVC corrugated board. Usually use potassium hydroxide electrolyte solution. Compared with other battery, NiCd battery self-discharge rate (i.e., the rate of battery when not in use without charge superfamily cell) is moderate. NiCd batteries in use process, if incomplete discharge and charge, discharge, next time will not be able to let out all the power. Emit 80% power after sufficient electricity, for instance, the battery can only let out 80% of the battery. This is called memory effect. Of course, several full charge/discharge cycle will be NiCd battery returned to normal work. Because of NiCd battery memory effect, if not completely discharge, each section will be before charging the battery discharge below 1 v.

charging

Nickel cadmium battery

In the range of 0.05 C to greater than 1 C to the NiCd battery charging with constant current. Some low cost charger use the absolute temperature. Although simple, low cost, but the charging termination method is not accurate. A better approach is through testing when the battery voltage drop end charging. For the charging rate is 0.5 C or higher NiCd batteries, - Δ V method is most effective.- Δ V charging termination test should be combined with the battery temperature detection, because of aging cells and are likely to reduce Δ V don't match.

Through testing the temperature rise rate (dT/dT) can achieve more accurate filled detection, the filled testing terminate the battery better than the fixed temperature. Based on Δ T/dt and - Δ V charging termination methods can avoid the battery overcharge, extend battery life.

Nickel cadmium battery

Nickel cadmium battery

Quick charge can improve charging efficiency. Under the recharge rate of 1 c, the efficiency can be closer to 1.1 (91%), with an empty battery for 1 hour and more. When charge at 0.1 C, the efficiency was down to 1.4 (71%), the charging time for 14 hours.

Because NiCd batteries to power receiving degree of close to 100%, so almost all the energy is absorbed during charging 70%, and the battery to keep warm. Super quick charger using the characteristics, in a few minutes the battery charge to 70%, with a few C current charging and no heat generated. Fill to 70%, after the battery again at a lower rate to charge, until the battery is full. Finally ended up with 0.02 C and 0.1 C trickle charging.

1.Nickel cadmium battery charge and discharge can be repeated more than 500 times, very economy;

2.Small internal resistance, for large current discharge, when the discharge voltage change is small, as the dc power supply is a kind of high quality batteries;

3.Because the completely sealed, so there will be no electrolyte leakage phenomenon, does not need to supplement electrolyte;

4.Compared with other types of batteries, nickel cadmium battery overcharge resistant or pass electricity, operation simple and convenient.

5.Placed for a long period of time will not make the performance degradation, when it is after filling the electricity restored the original features;

6.Can be used in a wide range of temperatures;

7.Because it USES metal containers and done mechanically strong;

8.Nickel cadmium battery under very strict quality management have been built, there are very good quality rice.

The page contains the contents of the machine translation.