What kind of material is the battery of battery car made of?

Lead-acid battery, nickel-cadmium-nickel-hydrogen battery, lithium-ion battery

Lead-acid batteries are mainly valve-controlled maintenance-free batteries and gel batteries.

The main features are low price, mature technology and stable performance.

The main problem is lower energy, larger volume, heavier mass and shorter cycle life. At the same time, there are secondary pollution problems of waste battery residual acid and metal lead.

Nickel-metal hydride batteries (nickel-cadmium batteries are gradually eliminated due to cadmium pollution to the environment, so they are not discussed). The capacity is high, there is no memory effect, and the manufacturing materials have little environmental pollution. People used to call them environmentally friendly batteries. The rookies in the emerging battery family are growing rapidly. However, ni-mh batteries are also a fly in the ointment, that is, the alloy material that absorbs hydrogen is far more expensive than the cadmium cd of nickel-cadmium nicd, and the nickel material is not cheap. Therefore, one of the important research topics of the ni-mh battery is to reduce the material cost, and the difficulty is also great.

Lithium-ion secondary battery is the latest generation of rechargeable battery after nickel-hydrogen (ni-mh) battery. Its mass ratio energy is 1.5-2 times that of ni-mh battery. It has high working voltage (3.6v), safety and cycle life. The advantages of long and no memory effect, the operating temperature range can reach -20-60 °C. Lithium-ion batteries not only maintain the main advantages of high voltage and high capacity of lithium batteries, but also have remarkable characteristics of long cycle life and good safety performance.

A lithium battery electric vehicle is a lithium battery electric vehicle, and is an electric vehicle equipped with a lithium ion battery. In recent years, the environmental problems caused by traditional internal combustion engine vehicles and the shortage of petroleum resources have led people to invest in new energy vehicles. Pure electric vehicles have become an important development direction for electric vehicles because they can achieve zero emissions. Lithium-ion batteries have become the ideal power source for a new generation of electric vehicles with their excellent performance.

The conventional structure of a lithium ion battery includes a graphite anode, a cathode composed of a lithium ion metal oxide, and an electrolyte (a lithium salt solution in which an organic solvent is dissolved). The most common lithium-ion battery uses carbon as the anode, dissolves lithium hexafluorophosphate solution as electrolyte with ethylene carbonate and dimethyl carbonate, and uses lithium manganese oxide as cathode; light and strong, specific energy, monomer voltage is about 3.7V.

Compared with nickel-metal hydride batteries, lithium-ion batteries have a relatively high operating voltage and a large specific energy, which is three times that of nickel-metal hydride batteries. Lithium-ion batteries are small in size, light in weight, long in cycle life, low in self-discharge rate, no memory effect and no pollution; the range of values ??of individual performance indexes of batteries is large, because lithium-ion batteries have more electrode combinations, they are There are certain differences in performance.

Lithium-ion batteries can be classified into two types: lithium ion batteries and lithium polymer batteries. The cathode materials of lithium ion batteries mainly include lithium cobalt oxide, lithium nickel oxide, lithium manganese oxide, lithium iron phosphate, etc., and the anode materials mainly include graphite, lithium titanate and the like.

Lithium-ion battery has the characteristics of light weight, large energy storage, high power, no pollution, and has been widely used in various fields. Its research and production have made great progress. Lithium-ion batteries are used as power sources in electric vehicles and have become a new trend in the development of electric vehicles.

The advancement of lithium-ion battery technology and the application in emerging key markets (electric vehicles) have stimulated the global R&D boom, so lithium-ion batteries are bound to occupy an important position in the field of electric vehicles and new energy. At present, in the electric vehicle, the lithium ion battery which is widely used is a lithium iron phosphate battery, which has good heat stability and safety, and is relatively inexpensive. These factors make lithium iron phosphate batteries the first choice for small electric vehicles and PHEV power batteries. However, in lithium-ion batteries, the specific energy, specific power and operating voltage of lithium phosphate batteries are relatively low and lithium cobalt oxide and lithium manganate batteries have advantages in large-scale pure electric vehicle applications.

However, the widespread use of lithium battery electric vehicles also has some problems, mainly due to the performance limitations of lithium batteries, including the safety, cycle life, cost, operating temperature and material supply of lithium ion battery.

The page contains the contents of the machine translation.